The focus of our research has been the Kunstraub (art theft) policy of the Third Reich, in particular the Sonderauftrag Linz (Special Assignment Linz), Hitler's secret project to house the best of the gathered art in a vast museum to be built in the city of his youth. His own plans and elevation sketches exist, as do the detailed plans and some of the models of Giesler and Frick, the assigned architects. The project raises certain questions.Send your message to: Artworks@yorku.caRecords of these events, like the events themselves, are contradictory. Accounts range from self-serving journalistic efforts to eyewitness reports, government records to historical compendia of destroyed or displaced works, and list after list of who had what, what went where, and when. Together these give us a shifting, incomplete reflection of one possible relationship between art and politics, and of the several kinds of madness at work in the glorification of the state, then and since.
What follows is a grouping of notes and references drawn together by some of the artists who have been thinking about these questions. This list, far from comprehensive, and not yet in alphabetical order, is made up of notes by Bernie Miller and Jeanne Randolph, library and Web site lists compiled by Daniel Olson, some of my own discoveries, and detective work by Anna Weiler. Though rough, it is nevertheless a kind of tracing of where we've been. New entries will be added as we go, and you are invited to contribute names of articles or books you consider essential to the interrelated questions of missing art, collecting fever, culture and politics, and the Führermuseum.
SUBJECTS: Art thefts--Europe.
World War, 1939-1945--Destruction and pillage--Europe.
Hitler,Adolf, 1889-1945.
AUTHOR: Alford, Kenneth D.
TITLE: The spoils of World War II : the American military's role in the stealing of Europe's treasures /
PUBLISHED: Secaucus, NJ : Carol Pub. Group, c1994.
NOTES: "A Birch Lane Press book."
AUTHOR: Smyth, Craig Hugh.
TITLE: Repatriation of art from the Collecting Point in Munich after World War II
PUBLISHED: Maarssen : Gary Schwartz ; Montclair, NJ : Distributed in North
America by Abner Schram, c1988.
ENTRY TITLE: Schuldig geboren. English.
TITLE: Born guilty : children of Nazi families / [compiled by] Peter
Sichrovsky ; translated from the GermanBR>
PUBLISHED: London: I.B. Tauris, c1988.
AUTHOR: Friedländer, Saul, 1932-
UNIFORM TITLE: Reflets du nazisme. English
TITLE: Reflections of Nazism : an essay on kitsch and death / Saul
Friedländer; translated from the French
New York: Harper & Row. 1984.
AUTHOR: Breker, Arno, 1900-
TITLE: Paris, Hitler et moi [Traduit de l'allemand
par Jean-Pierre Tafforeau.]
PUBLISHED: Paris Presses de la Cité, 1970
AUTHOR: Kubin, Ernst.
TITLE: Sonderauftrag Linz : die Kunstsammlung Adolf Hitlers :
Apbau, Vernichtungsplan, Rettung : ein Thriller
PUBLISHED: Wien : Orac, c1989.
NOTES: Includes index.
AUTHOR: Kurz, Jakob, 1931-
TITLE: Kunstraub in Europa : 1938-1945 / Jakob Kurz. --
PUBLISHED: Hamburg : FactaOblit,c199.
NOTES: Includes bibliographical references (p. 443-444).
AUTHOR: De Jaeger, Charles.
TITLE: The Linz file: Hitler's plunder of Europe's art /
PUBLISHED: Exeter, England: Webb & Bower, 1981.
NOTES: Includes index.
AUTHOR: Wortman,Michael.
TITLE: Baldur von Schirach, Hitlers Jugendführer
PUBLISHED: Köln : Bühlauc1982.
NOTES: Rev. ed. of the author's thesis (doctoral)
Verlorene Werke der Malerei; in Deutschland in der Zeit
von 1939 bis 1945
München, F.A. Kunstverlag Akermann [1965]
31225 plates (part col.)
AUTHOR: Maser, Werner, 1922-
TITLE: Hitler's letters and notes / Werner Maser ;
translated by Arnold Pomerans. --
PUBLISHED: London : Heinemann, [1974]
NOTES: Slightly adapted translation of Hitlers Briefe und
AUTHOR: Hoffmann,Heinrich, 1885-1957
TITLE: Hitler, wie ich ihn sah : Aufzeichnungen seines Leibfotografen, translated by Arnold Pomerans.
PUBLISHED: München: Hebig, [c1974]
AUTHOR: Valland, Rose
TITLE: Le front de l'art : défense des collections françaises, 1939-1945
PUBLISHED: Paris : Plon, 1961.
SUBJECTS: Art--France--Galleries and museums
Friemuth, Cay.
Die geraubte Kunst: der dramatische Wettlauf um die Rettung der
Kulturschütze nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg
Braunschweig: Westermann, c1989.
NOTES: Includes bibliographical refernces
Simon, Matila.
The battle of the Louvre; the struggle to
save French art in World War II.
New York, Hawthorn Books. 1971.
TITLE: Captured German and related records: a National Archives conference: papers and proceedings of
PUBLISHED: Athens: Ohio University Press, [1975] c1974.
TITLE: Le pillage par les Allemands des oeuvres d'art et des biblothèques
appartenant à des Juifs en France
PUBLISHED: Paris : Éditions du Centre, 1947.
SERIES: Série Documents - Centre de documentation Juive Contemporaine ; no. 4
SUBJECTS: World War, 1939-1945--Art and the war
David, Ken: ris: Éditions du Centre,
The Nazification of art: art, design, music, architecture and film in the Third Reich
edited by Brandon Taylor and Wilfried van der Will.
Winchester, Hampshire : Winchester Press, Winchester School of Art, 1990.
Hinz, Berthold.
Art in the Third Reich; translated from the German by Robert and Rita Kimber.
New York: Pantheon Books, c1979.
Translation of Die Malerei im deutschen Faschismus.
Adam, Peter.
Art of the Third Reich
New York: H.N. Abrams, c1992.
Steinweis, Alan E.
Art, ideology, & economics in Nazi Germany : the Reich chambers of music, theater, and the visual arts
Chapel Hill : University of North Carolina Press, c1993.
********************************************************* Hello Vera, Here's something I found, and am sending as a test of this sending option. http://gopher.nara.gov:70/0/inform/guide/200s/rg239.txt I will also send you Hitler's skull (with any luck.)
Daniel
*********************************
Records of the American Commission for the Protection and Salvage
of Artistic and Historic Monuments in War Areas
(Record Group 239)
1942-47
61 cu. ft.
239.1 ADMINISTRATIVE HISTORY
Established: Under the chairmanship of Associate Justice Owen J. Roberts, by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, June 23, 1943, and announced by Secretary of State Cordell Hull, August 20, l943.
Functions: Cooperated with the U.S. Army in protecting cultural treasures and gathered information about war damage to such treasures. Compiled data on cultural property appropriated by the Axis Powers and encouraged its restitution. Compiled maps showing locations of areas or sites in enemy or enemy-occupied areas that were to be spared destruction if possible.
Assisted by the private American Defense-Harvard Group and by the American Council of Learned Societies' Committee on the Protection of Cultural Treasures in War Areas, which turned over its research files to the commission.
Abolished: June 30, l946.
Successor Agencies: Department of State (restoration of art objects), as announced by department, August 16, 1946.
Finding Aids: H. Stephen Helton and Philip C. Brooks, comps., William J. Lescure, rev., "Preliminary Inventory of the Records of the American Commission for the Protection and Salvage of Artistic and Historic Monuments in War Areas," NC 124 (Aug. 1965).
Security-Classified Records: This record group may include material that is security-classified.
Subject Access Terms: World War II agency.
RECORDS
RECORD TYPES RECORD LOCATIONS QUANTITIES Textual Records Washington Area 59 cu. ft. Maps and Charts College Park 1,489 items Aerial Photographs College Park 124 items Still Pictures College Park 19,950 images239.2 RECORDS OF THE COMMISSION, l942-47
57 lin. ft. and 10 rolls of microfilm
Textual Records:
Minutes, 1943-46. Applications and letters of recommendation, 1943-46. Correspondence and other records of Commissioner Paul Sachs, 1942-46. General correspondence, 1943- 46. Fiscal records, 1943-47. Lists and handbooks concerning cultural institutions in Europe, 1943-45. Allied military government records, including final reports of the Mediterranean and European Theaters of Operations, drawn from the "Analytical File," 1945-46. Reports of the Art Looting Investigation Unit, including some reports of the Office of Strategic Services and the Strategic Services Unit, 1945-46. Microfilm copy of lists of war damaged areas and buildings in Japan, origin unknown, 1946 (10 rolls).
Related Records: Department of State central decimal file, in RG 59, General Records of the Department of State. Records of the Civil Affairs Division, in RG 165, Records of the War Department General and Special Staffs.
Subject Access Terms: Art looting; Monuments, Fine Arts, and Archives Section.
239.3 CARTOGRAPHIC RECORDS (GENERAL) 1943-46 1,613 items
Maps (1,489 items): Base maps of provinces, regions, and cultural sites in Europe and Asia, photocopied with overlays marking sites that were to be spared destruction (a few maps are originals with manuscript overlays), 1943-46; with accompanying documentation, consisting of a set of instructions for the preparation of maps, lists of maps, and site identification lists attached to the maps.
Aerial Photographs (124 items): Italian and Spanish cities, and Tinian Island in the Marianas, ca. 1944.
Subject Access Terms: Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, China, Corsica, Czechoslovakia, Dalmatia, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Indochina, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Java, Korea, Marianas, the Netherlands, Norway, Philippines, Romania, Sardinia, Sicily, and Yugoslavia.
239.4 STILL PICTURES (GENERAL) 1943-46 19,950 images
Photographs: Europe, North Africa, Palestine, the Philippine Islands, Burma, China, and the Netherlands East Indies, collected by the Photo Archives Unit, showing depositories and looted artwork, effects of bomb damage and vandalism to cities and monuments, liberation by the Allies, and commission employees, 1943-46 (PA, RC; 19,650 images).
Survey of war damage to cultural institutions and monuments in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, 1946 (SFM, 300 images).
Long after the American Monuments Officers had left Germany, Rose Valland continued her quest to retrieve or account for every single thing that had left France. In her last years she retreated entirely into her world of secret documents, which at her death were relegated in an unsorted and chaotic mess to a Musée storeroom in Malmaison.
In Germany Wilhellm Arntz, a Lawyer, spent years trying to track down every single 'degenerate' picture removed by the Nazis.
The USSR returned most of the Dresden and Berlin collections in their possession to the GDR in the late 50's.
In all nations, most of the records relating to confiscation and recovery lay classified and often sealed for terms of 50 years or more.
Since the unification of Germany and the end of the Cold War the French Foreign Ministry has retrieved Rose Valland's Papers and is busily perusing them at the Quai d'Orsay.
The search for missing works of Art still goes on. International law enforcement agencies and private foundations such as the Institute for Art Research in New York keep an eye on the markets.
************************* Possible Research Leads: Record Group 5a at the National Archives is the records of the Fine Arts and Monuments Advisor !949-1969
Record group 239 Records of the American Commission for the Protection and Salvage of Artistic and Historic Monuments in War Areas
Record Group 260. Records of the U.S. Occupation Headquarters. World War II, Ardelia Hall Collection: Records of the Collecting Points.
"Looted Art Treasures Go Back to France" The Quartermaster Review September/October 1946
Works of Art in Italy : "Losses and Survivals in the War". Volumes 1 and 2 London: His Majesty's Stationary Office 1945
Craig H. Smyth "Repatriation of Art From the Collection Point in Munich After WWII" The Hague: Gerson Lecture, Schwartz/SDUm 1988
Thomas C. Howe "Saltmines and Castles" New York: Bobbs Merrill 1946
Bureau Central des Restitutions "Répertoire des Biens Spoliés en France durant la Guerre 1939-1945" Berlin 1947
American Commission for the Protection and Salvage of Artistic and Historic Monuments in War Areas "Report on American Commission for the Protection and Salvage of Artistic and Historic Monuments in War Areas." Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office 1946
NA, RG 239/77 OSS/ALIU CIR 4, Faison "Linz: Hitler's Museum and Library" December 14, 1945 P.2
NA 260/386 II, Ledgers for Linz operation
NA, RG 239?77 CIR LINZ Attatchments2,5,8,35a,60 and supplement
R.Valland, "Le Front de l'Art " Paris 1961
Report on Activities of ERR in Netherlands, Nuremberg Document 175PS CIR ERR Attatchment 9
Getty Centre Archives, List and letter, Valland December 10, 1962 as well as Reutti, "Reports on Post-War Activities" MS
J. Flanner "Men and Monuments" New York, 1957
Album of Photos, Contents Ricoveri, Führer's birthday April 20, 1945: Hartt papers, Ringler Report pp. 12-13
"History of the Wiesbaden Collecting Point July 13, 1945-March 5, 1946 Courtesy: W. Farmer
Archives of American Art, Washington D.C. Thomas Carr Howe Papers James J. Rorimer Papers George Stout Papers
NA, RG 239/84, DIR VOSS
M. Kurtz, "Nazi Contraband" New York 1985
***************************************** Some interesting notes: