Home
Publications
Online Writings
Links
The Web of Poverty - Contents
Foreword
xi
Terry S. Trepper
Acknowledgments
xiii
Introduction
1
Origins of This Volume
2
Volume Contents
3
Intended Audiences
4
Chapter 1. Poverty in the United States and Canada
7
Across the World
7
Poverty in North America
11
Canada and the United States
11
The Extent of Poverty
12
Other Aspects of Poverty
13
The Gap Between Rich and Poor
14
Mobility Out of and Back into Poverty
16
The Reduction of Rural Poverty
19
Conclusion
20
Chapter 2. Systemic Causes of Poverty
23
Globalization of the Economy
23
Evolving Structure of the Economy
25
Relative Loss of Manufacturing Jobs
25
Expansion of the Service Sector
27
Increase in Part-Time Employment
28
Increase in Low-Paying Jobs
29
Increase in Two-Wage-Earner Families
30
Higher Educational Requirements
31
Job Relocation
32
Emphasis on Financial Profit
33
Unemployment
34
National Debt
36
Low Social Assistance Payments
36
Low-Skilled Immigration
38
Conclusion
39
Chapter 3. Personal Causes of Poverty
41
Single Parenting
42
Single Parenting and Poverty
43
Divorced Single Parenting
45
Never-Married Parenting
46
Effects on Children
48
Poverty in the Family of Origin
50
School Dropout and Lack of Education
51
Additional Factors: Delinquency and III Health
53
Conclusion
54
Chapter 4. Urban Neighborhoods in Poverty
57
The Canadian Exception
58
The Development of High-Poverty Neighborhoods
59
Depletion of Neighborhood Resources
62
Poor Neighborhoods and Negative Socialization of Children
64
Poor Neighborhoods as Risk Factors for Children
67
Homelessness
70
The Nonpoor in Disadvantaged Neighborhoods
71
Conclusion
72
Chapter 5. Schools and Education in Poor Districts
75
Schools in Impoverished Neighborhoods
75
Quality of School Personnel and Disadvantaged Families
78
Disadvantaged Students and Schools
80
Family Routine and Organization
81
Parental Resources and Involvement in Schooling
82
Low-Income Minority Students
85
Involuntary and Voluntary Minorities
87
Conclusion
90
Chapter 6. Disadvantaged Families
91
Family Size
92
Adolescent Single Parenting
93
The Situation
93
Consequences for Offspring
95
Types of Single Adolescent Mothers
97
Single Fathers: The Real Problem?
99
Family Conflict and Violence
100
Marital Conflict and Spousal Abuse
100
Child Abuse
101
Child Neglect
102
Abuse of Parents by Children
103
Parenting Skills and Poverty
104
Parental Dilemmas
106
Conclusion
107
Chapter 7. Women, Children, and the Elderly
109
Women
109
Mothers in Poverty
111
Their Burden
111
The Matter of "Proper" Childrearing Practices
112
Mothers as Victims
114
Children
115
The Extent of Child Poverty
115
Consequences of Poverty for Children
117
Negative Child Outcomes
118
Homeless Children
120
The Elderly
122
Elderly Women
124
Conclusion
125
Chapter 8. Visible Minorities, Discrimination, and Segregation
127
Recent Roots of Inequalities
128
Racial and Ethnic Inequalities and Poverty
131
Segregation
133
Work Discrimination
135
Health Differentials
138
Reduced Life Expectancy
140
Conclusion
141
Chapter 9. Health and Illness Differentials
143
Health and Socioeconomic Status
143
Life Expectancy
145
The Differentials
145
Myths About Life Expectancy
147
Explanation for Differentials
149
Illness-Related Problems
150
Psychiatric Problems
152
Cognitive Problems
154
Is More Medical Care the Solution?
156
Conclusion
158
Chapter 10. Poverty and Delinquency
159
Aspects of Delinquency
159
Personal Pathways to Delinquency
160
Causes of Delinquency
162
Poverty and Delinquency
164
Poverty and Social Control
164
Poverty and Segregated Minorities
166
Poverty and Dysfunctional Opportunity Structure
169
Poverty and the Media
171
Conclusion
173
Chapter 11. Poverty Undermines Genetic Potential
175
Genetics and Child Outcomes
176
Outline of Behavior Genetics Principles
176
Genotype-Environment Correlations
178
Genetically Influenced Chains of Events
180
Environmentally Influenced Chains of Events
181
Environmental Rather Than Personal Deficits
182
Poverty Creates Inferiority
186
The Absurdity of African-American Inferiority
187
Conclusion
189
Chapter 12. Conclusions, Implications, and Critiques
191
A Subculture of Poverty?
193
Ethnic Cultures and Subcultures of Poverty
194
A New Meritocracy
196
Social Pathologies
198
A Subculture of Wealth: The "Overclass"
200
Reducing the Concentration of Neighborhood Poverty
201
The Global Perspective
204
Glossary
207
Reference Notes
213
Bibliography
227
Author Index
281
Subject Index
293
Back
Copyright © - Anne-Marie Ambert- All rights reserved
