GENERAL INFORMATION
Kaplan, G., & Rogers, L. (1994). Orang-utans in Borneo. Armidale, Australia: University of New England Press.
MacKinnon, J. (1974). In search of the red ape. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
MacKinnon, J. (1978). The ape within us. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
MacKinnon, J. (1974). The behaviour and ecology of wild orang-utans (Pongo pygmaeus). Animal Behaviour, 22, 3-74.
Maple, T. L. (1980). Orang-utan behavior. New York: van Nostrand Reinhold Company.
Sodaro, C. (1997). Orangutan species survival plan husbandry manual. Atlanta: Orangutan SSP.
CONSERVATION AND HABITAT
Web-based material
People & Wildlife. A communication forum for human-wildlife conflict issues providing: innovative approaches to solving conflicts,
exchange of information between field projects, and a network among experts, managers, institutions and the people affected.
www.peopleandwildlife.org.uk, info@peopleandwildlife.org.uk.
Articles
Agoramoorthy, G. (1995). Conservation and captive care of orangutans in Taiwan. Proceedings of the 5th Conference of South-east
Asian Zoological Parks' Association (pp. 184-188). Taipei: Zoological Society of Taipei.
Agoramoorthy, G. (1998). Status of orang-utans Pongo pygmaeus ssp in Taiwan. International Zoo Yearbook, 36, 118-122.
Aken, K. M., & Kavanaugh, M. (1984). Species conservation priorities in the topical forests of Sarawak, Malaysia. Occasional
Papers of the IUCN Survival Commission (SSC), 1, 16-22.
Andau, P., Hiong, L. K., & Sale, J. (1994). Translocation of pocketed orang-utans in Sabah. Oryx, 28, 263-268.
Anonymous. (1992). Orang-utan population and habitat viability analysis workshop. Asian Primates, 2, 3-4
Anonymous. (1997). Three weeks in the life of Willie Smits. Long Call, 4, 6-9.
Anonymous. (1998). Indonesian crisis: Orang-utan update. Australasian Primatology, 12(3), 12-13.
Anonymous. (1998). Orangutans flee Indonesian fires. Australasian Primatology, 12(2), 14-15.
Anonymous. (1998). Orangutans flee Indonesian fires--again. Laboratory Primate Newsletter, 37(2), 8.
Aveling, R., & Mitchell, A. (1982). Is rehabilitating orangutans worthwhile? Oryx, 16, 263-71.
Aveling, R. J. (1982). Orang utan conservation in Sumatra, by habitat protection and conservation education. In L. E. M. de Boer (Ed.),
The orang utan: Its biology and conservation (pp. 299-315). The Hague: Dr. W. Junk Publishers.
Ayathan, V. (1998). Management of orangutans at wildlife rescue centers. Zoos' Print, 13(8), 38-39.
Bennett, E. L., Caldecott, J. O., Kavanaugh, M., Sebastian, A. C. (1987). Current status of primates in Sarawak. Primate Conservation:
The Newsletter and Journal of the IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group, 8, 184-186.
Bennett, A.F. (2003). Linkages in the Landscape: The role of corridors and connectivity in wildlife conservation. IUCN forest conservation
Programme, Conserving Forest Ecosystems Series No. 1. (262 pp., 1.8 Mb)
Blouch, R. A. (1997). Distribution and abundance of orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) and other primates in the Lanjak Entimau Wildlife
Sanctuary, Sarawak, Malaysia. Tropical Biodiversity, 4(3), 259-274.
Blower, J. (1978). Nature conservation in Indonesia. Tigerpaper, 5(2), 1-4.
Bodmer, R. E., Mather, R. J., & Chivers, D. J. (1991). Rain forests of central Borneo--threatened by modern development. Oryx, 25(1), 21-26.
Brotoisworo, E. (1978). Nature conservation in Indonesia and its problems with special reference to primates. In D. J. Chivers &
W. Lane-Petter (Eds.), Recent advances in primatology, Vol. 2: Conservation (pp. 31-40). New York: Academic Press.
Campbell, J. L. (1993). Ecology of Bornean orang-utans (Pongo pygmaeus) in drought and fire-affected lowland rainforest.
Dissertation Abstracts International, A53(12): 4384. (Ordering information: Order #AAD93-11600.
University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, MI 48106).
Chapman, C. A. (1995). Primate seed dispersal: Coevolution and conservation implications. Evolutionary Anthropology, 4(3), 74-82.
Davies, G. (1983). Distribution, abundance, and conservation of simian primates in Borneo. In D. Harper (Ed.), Conservation of primates
and their habitats, Vol. 1 (pp. 122-148). Leicester: University of Leicester Department of Adult Education.
de Boer, L. E. M. (Ed.). (1982). The orangutan: Its biology and conservation. The Hague: Dr. W. Junk Publishers.
de Silva, G. S. (1971). Notes on the orang-utan rehabilitation project in Sabah. Malayan Nature Journal, 24, 50-77.
Djojosudharmo, S., & van Schaik, C. P. (1992). Why are orang utans so rare in the highlands? Altitudinal changes in a Sumatran forest.
Tropical Biodiversity, 1(1), 11-22.
Dobson, A. P., & Lyles, A. M. (1989). The population dynamics and conservation of primate populations. Conservation Biology, 3(4), 362-380.
Eudey, A. A. (1987). Action plan for Asian primate conservation: 1987-91. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN.
Faust, T., Tilson, R., & Seal, U. S. (1995). Using GIS to evaluate habitat risk to wild populations of Sumatran Orangutans.
In R. D. Nadler (Ed.), The neglected ape (pp. 85-96). New York: Plenum Press.
Frey, R. (1975). Sumatra's red apes return to the wild. Wildlife, 17, 356-363.
Hakim, S. (1998). Preliminary findings of a study of orangutans at Sungai Win and Mentoko, East Kalimantan, Indonesia: Field work
covering Dec. 21st, 1997 - Jan. 26th, 1998. Australasian Primatology, 13(1), 2-21.
Harcourt, A. (1998). Ecological indicators of risk for primates, as judged by species' susceptibility to logging. In T. Caro (Ed.),
Behavioral ecology and conservation biology (pp. 56-79). New York: Oxford University Press.
Horr, D. A. (1975). The Borneo orang-utan: Population structure and dynamics in relationship to ecology and reproductive strategy.
In L. A. Rosenblum (Ed.), Primate behavior: Development in field and laboratory (pp. 307-323). New York: Academic Press.
Johns, A. D. (1983). Selective logging and primates: An overview. In D. Harper (Ed.), Conservation of primates and their habitats,
Vol. 1 (pp. 86-100). Leicester: University of Leicester Department of Adult Education.
Johns, A. D. (1992). Vertebrate responses to selective logging: Implications for the design of logging systems. Philosophical Transactions
of the Royal Society of London, 335, 437-442. (Book title: Tropical rainforest: Disturbance and recovery, A. G. Marshall, et al., Eds.).
Kavanaugh, M. (1982). Lanjak-Entimau Orangutan Sanctuary. A management plan. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: World Wildlife Fund Malaysia.
Konstant, W. R., & Mittermeier, R. A. (1982). Introduction, reintroduction, and translocation of neotropical primates: Past experiences
and future possibilities. International Zoo Yearbook, 22, 69-77.
Leighton, M., & Wirawan, N. (1986). Catastrophic drought and fire in Borneo Tropical Rain Forest associated with the 1982-1983 El Nino
southern oscillation event. AAAS Selected Symposium, 101, 75-102. (Book title: Tropical rain forests and the world atmosphere,
ed. by G. T. Prance, Boulder, CO, Westview Press).
Leiman, A., & Ghaffar, N. (1996). Use, misuse, and abuse of the orang-utan: Exploitation as a threat or the only real salvation?
In V. J. Taylor (Ed.), The exploitation of mammal populations (pp. 345-357). London: Chapman & Hall.
Mace, G. M. (1984). Developing guidelines for coordinated management of captive ape populations. Biologist (London), 31(2), 85-89.
MacKinnon, J. (1977). The future of orangutans. New Scientist, 74, 697-699.
MacKinnon, J. (1971). The orang-utan in Sabah today. A study of a wild population in the Ulu Segama reserve. Oryx, 11, 141-191.
MacKinnon, J., & MacKinnon, K. (1974). Animals of Asia: The ecology of the oriental region. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
MacKinnnon, J., & Suwelo, I. S. (1984). Species conservation priorities in the tropical forests of Indonesia. Occasional Papers of the
IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC), 1, 27-39. (Book title: Species conservation priorities in the tropical forests of Southeast
Asia. Proceedings of a Symposium held at the 58th meeting of the IUCN SSC, R. A. Mittermeier, et al., Eds., Washington, DC: IUCN).
MacKinnon, K. (1987). Conservation status of primates in Malaysia, with special reference to Indonesia. Primate Conservation, 8, 175-183.
MacKinnon, K. (1986). The conservation status of nonhuman primates in Indonesia. In K. Benirschke (Ed.), Primates: the road to
self-sustaining populations (pp. 99-126). New York: Springer-Verlag.
MacKinnon, K., Irving, A., & Bachruddin, M. A. (1994). A last chance for Kutai National Park, local industry support for conservation.
Oryx, 28, 191-198.
MacKinnon, K., & MacKinnon, J. (1990). Habitat protection and re-introduction programs. Symposia of the Zoological Society of London,
62, 173-198. (Book title: Beyond captive breeding, J. H. W. Gipps, Ed.).
Mallinson, J. J. C. (1978). "Cocktail" orangutans and the need to preserve pure-bred stock. Dodo: Journal of the Jersey Wildlife
Preservation Trust, 15, 69-77.
Mitchell, A. H. (1984). Primate conservation and the Gunung Leuser National Park, Indonesia. IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group
Newsletter, 4, 40-41.
Mueller-Lubini, H. U., & Mueller-Lubini, C. (1977). Indonesia: Orang utan Rehabilitation Centre, Bohorok. In P. Jackson (Ed.), World
wildlife yearbook 1976-1977 (pp. 118-119). Morges, Switzerland: World Wildlife Fund.
Payne, J. (1987). Surveying orang-utan populations by counting nests from a helicopter: A pilot survey in Sabah. In Primate Conservation:
The Newsletter and Journal of the IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group, 8, 92-103.
Payne, J., & Andau, P. (1994). Censusing orang-utans in Sabah: Results and conservation implications. Malaysia: WWF.
Pearl, M. (1992). Conservation of Asian primates: Aspects of genetics and behavioral ecology and predict vulnerability. In P. L. Fielder, (Ed.),
Conservation biology: The theory and practice of nature conservation, preservation, and management (pp. 297-320).
New York: Routledge, Chapman, & Hall.
Perkins, L., & Bradfield, E. (1989). Orangutans of Ketambe: Enclosure utilization. ASZPA (American Association of Zoological Parks
and Aquariums) Regional Conference Proceedings, pp. 564-70.
Rao, M., & van Schaik, C. P. (1997). the behavioral ecology of Sumateran orangutans in logged and unlogged forest. Tropical Biodiversity,
4(2), 173-85.
Rijksen, H. D. (1974). Orang-utan conservation and rehabilitation in Sumatra. Biological Conservation, 6, 20-25.
Rijksen, H. D. (1982). How to save the mysterious "man of the rain forest"? In L. E. M. de Boer (Ed.), The orang utan: Its biology
and conservation (pp. 317-341). The Hague: Dr. W. Junk Publishers.
Rijksen, H. D., Ramono, W., Sugardjito, J., Lelana, A., Leighton, M., Karesh, W., Shapiro, G., Seal, U. S., Traylor-Holzer, K. &
Tilson, R. (1995). Estimates of orangutan distribution and status in Borneo. In R. D. Nadler (Ed.), The neglected ape
(pp. 1170-122). New York: Plenum Press.
Rijksen, H. D., & Rijksen-Graatsma, A. G. (1975). Orang utan rescue work in North Sumatra. Oryx, 13, 63-73.
Rodman, P. S. (1973). Population composition and adaptive organisation among orang-utans of the Kutai Reserve. In R. P. Michael (Ed.),
Comparative ecology and behaviour of primates (pp. 171-209). London: Academic Press.
Rodman, P. S. (1978). Diets, densitities, and distributions of Bornean primates. In G. G. Montgomery (Ed.), The ecology of arboreal
folivores (pp. 465-478). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
Rodman, P. S. (1988). Diversity and consistency in ecology and behavior. In J. H. Schwartz (Ed.), Orang-utan biology (pp. 31-51).
New York: Oxford University Press.
Schaller, G. B. (1961). The orangutan in Sarawak. Zoologica, 46, 73-82.
Siregar, R. S. E., & Kyes, R. C., Smits, W. T. M., Russon, A. E., et al. (1998). The orangutan rehabilitation program at Wanariset
Station, Samboja-East Kalimantan. American Journal of Primatology, 45(2), 208. (Abstract).
Smits, W. T. M., Heriyanto, Ramono, W. S. (1995). A new method for rehabilitation of orangutans in Indonesia: A first overview.
In R. D. Nadler (Ed.), The neglected ape (pp. 69-77). New York: Plenum Press.
Soemarna, K., Ramono, W., Poniran, S., van Schaik, C. P., Rijksen, H. D., Leighton, M., Sajuthi, D., Lelana, A., Karesh, W., Griffiths,
M., Seal, U. S., Traylor-Holzer, K. (1995). Conservation action plan for orangutans in Indonesia. In R. D. Nadler (Ed.),
The Neglected Ape (pp. 123-128). New York: Plenum Press.
Soemarna, K., Ramono, W., & Tilson, R. (1995). Introduction to the orangutan population and habitat viability analysis (PHVA) workshop.
In R. D. Nadler (Ed.), The Neglected Ape (pp. 81-83). New York: Plenum Press.
Sugardjito, J. (1983). Selecting nest-sites of Sumatran orangutans, Pongo pygmaeus abelii n the Gunung Leuser National Park, Indonesia.
Primates, 24(4), 467-474.
Sugardjito, J. (1988). Use of forest strata by the Sumatran orang-utans: A consideration of functional aspects. Treubia, 29(4), 255-265.
Sugardjito, J. (1995). Conservation of orangutans: Threats and prospects. In R. D. Nadler (Ed.), The Neglected Ape (pp. 45-49).
New York: Plenum Press.
Sugardjito, J., & te Boekhorst, I. J. A., van Hooff, J. A. R. A. M. (1987). Ecological constraints on the grouping of wild orang-utans
(Pongo pygmaeus) in the Gunung Leuser National Park, Sumatra, Indonesia. International Journal of Primatology, 8(1), 17-41.
Suzuki, A. (1984). The distribution of primates and the survey on the effects of forest fires, 1983, in and around Kutai Nature Reserve
of East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Kyoto University Overseas Research Report of Studies on Asian Non-human primates, 3, 55-65.
Suzuki, A. (1988). Feeding ecology of orangutans after the big forest fires. Reichorui Kenkyu/Primate Research, 4(2), 179. (Abstract).
Suzuki, A. (1989). Socio-ecological studies of orangutans and primates in Kutai National Park, East Kalimantan in 1988-89. Kyoto
University Overseas Research Report of Studies on Asian Non-human Primates, 7, 1-42.
Suzuki, A. (1991). Forest fires' effects on the population of primates in Kutai National Park, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. In A. Ehara (Ed.),
Primatology today (pp. 51-54). Amsterdam: Elsevier Sci. Publ.
Theile, S. (1998). The impact of the local primate trade in Indonesia on conservation: A preliminary study. Folia Primatolotgica, 69(4),
238-239. (Abstract).
van Schaik, C. P., & Terborgh, J. (1993). Production forests and protected forests: The potential for mutualism in the tropics.
Tropical Biodiversity, 1(3), 183-194.
Wilson, C. C., & Wilson, W. L. (1975). The influence of selective logging on primates and some other animals in East Kalimantan.
Folia Primatologica, 23, 245-274.
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DIET AND NUTRITION
Anonymous. (1995). The orangutan food fact. Long Call, 2, 8-9.
Bloomsmith, M. A. (1989). Feeding enrichment for captive great apes. In E. F. Segal (Ed.), Housing, care, and psychological well-being
of captive and laboratory primates (pp. 336-356). Park Ridge, NJ: Noyes Publications.
Clark, M., & Joppe, R. (1979). Notes on the keeping and feeding of orang utans (Pongo pygmaeus and P. p. abelii) at Frankfurt Zoo.
Ratel, 6(3), 3-18.
Dierenfeld, E. (1997). Nutrition. In C. Sodaro (Ed.), Orangutan species survival plan husbandry manual (pp. 115-122). Atlanta: Orangutan SSP.
Fontaine, R. (1979). Training an unrestrained orang-utan mother Pongo pygmaeus to permit supplemental feeding of her infant.
International Zoo Yearbook, 19, 168-170.
King, G. J. (1978). Comparative feeding and nutrition in captive, non-human primates. British Journal of Nutrition, 40, 55-62.
Leighton, M. (1993). Modeling dietary selectivity by Bornean Orangutans: Evidence for integration of multiple criteria in fruit selection.
International Journal of Primatology, 14(2), 257-313.
Lucas, P. (1991). Fundamental physical properties of fruits and seeds in primate diets. In A. Ehara (Ed.), Primatology Today (pp. 125-128).
Amsterdam: Elsevier Sci. Publ.
Maple, T. L., & Bloomstrand, M. (1983). Feeding, foraging, and mental health. Proceedings of Annual Dr. Scholl Nutrition Conference 3, 1-9.
Markham, R. (1986). In praise of avocado pears: Diet therapy of lactose intolerant orang-utan. Australian Primatology, 1(3), 10.
Markham, R. J. (1990). Fighting the flab: Ecological energetics applied to orang-utan diets. Australian Primatology, 5(3), 4-7.
Rodman, P. S. (1977). Feeding behaviour of orangutans of the Kutai Nature Reserve, East Kalimantan. In T. H. Clutton-Brock (Ed.), Primate
ecology: Studies of feeding and ranging behaviour in lemurs, monkeys, and apes (pp. 383-413). New York: Academic Press.
HEALTH CARE AND DISEASES
Allmond, B. W., Jr., Froeschle, J. E., & Guilloud, N. B. (1967). Paralytic poliomyelitis in large laboratory primates: Virologic investigation
and report on the use of oral poliomyelitis virus (OPV) vaccine. American Journal of Epidemiology, 85, 229-239.
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Favorov, M. O., & Khromov, V. M. (1984). Viral hepatitides A and B in anthropoid apes of the Moscow Zoo. Voprosy Virusologii,
29, 434-437. (Russian w/ English summary; Abstract: Biological Abstracts 79, #41443, 1985).
Anonymous. (1971). Annual summary 1970 of reports received by CDC Bacterial Diseases Branch, Epidemiology Program. Primate Zoonoses
Surveillance Report, 4, 1-32.
Boever, W. J., Dietsch, D., & Kane, K. K. (1977). Obstructive jaundice in a newborn orangutan. Veterinary Medicine/Small Animal Clinician,
72, 1227-1229.
Brack, M. (1987). Agents transmissible from simians to man. New York: Springer-Verlag. (Book Reviews: Primate Eye, 36, 23-25;
American Journal of Primatology, 17(3), 251-252).
Brack, M. (1993). Virus infections in nonhuman primates: Survey. Erkrankungen Der Zootiere, 35, 5-38.
Brack, M., Goeltenboth, R., Rietschel, W. (1995). Diseases of zoo and wild animals--primates. In R. Goltenboth (Ed.), Krankheiten Der
Zoo- Und Wildtiere (pp. 25-66). Berlin: Blackwell, Wissenschafts-Verlag.
Davies, C. (2008). Great apes face threat from germs carried by eco-tourists. The Observer, Feb. 3. *link*. Jungle holidays raise funds
to protect wildlife but humans harbour viruses that have killed chimps, could be fatal to gorillas and orangutans.
Djojoasmoro, R. (1998). Parasites in orangutans. Third International Great Apes of the World Conference, p. 6. Los Angeles: Orangutan
Foundation Int'l.
Ensley, P. K. (1979). Veterinary rounds: Primate pediatrics. Zoonooz, 52(12), 16.
Ensley, P. K. (1984). Orangutan pediatrics. Zoonooz, 57, 16-17.
Ensley, P. K., & Meier, J. E. (1980). Two cases of icterus in hand-reared orangutan infants. Erkrankungen Der Zootiere, 22, 79-81.
Fiennes, R. (1967). Zoonoses of primates. The epidemiology and ecology of simian diseases in relation to man. Ithaca, New York:
Cornell University Press.
Firfer, H. S. (1981). Oral examination. In E. R. Maschgan (Ed.), Clinical data for gorillas, orang-utans, and chimpanzees at the Lincoln
Park Zoological Gardens: Preliminary report (pp. 17-19). Chicago: Lincoln Park Zoological Gardens.
Garnham, P. C. C. (1973). Distribution of malaria parasites in primates, insectivores, and bats. Symposia of the Zoological Society of
London, 33, 377-404.
Garnham, P. C. C., Rajapaksa, N., Peters, W., & Killick-Kendrick, R. (1972). Malaria parasites of the orang-utan (Pongo pygmaeus).
Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 66, 287-294.
Gaynor, W. T. (1988). Nematode and protozoan parasites found in apes at Perth Zoo. Australian Primatology, 3(1). (Abstract)
Goeltenboth, R. (1982). Special section: Diseases of zoo animals. Non human primates (apes, monkeys, prosimians). In H. G. Kloes (Ed.),
Handbook of zoo medicine (pp. 46-85). New York: van Nostrand Reinhold Company.
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Erkrankungen Der Zootiere, 37, 173-181. (German w/ English and French summaries).
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45, 427-435. (German).
Hull, W. B. (1970). Respiratory mite parasites in nonhuman primates. Laboratory Animal Care, 20, 402-406.
Janssen, D. L. (1993). Diseases of great apes. In M. E. Fowler (Ed.), Zoo and wild animal medicine: Current therapy (pp. 334-338).
Philadelphia: W. P. Saunders.
Jones, D. M. (1982). Veterinary aspects of the maintenance of orang utans in captivity. In L. E. M. de Boer (Ed.), The Orang utan:
Its biology and conservation (pp. 171-199). The Hague: Dr. W. Junk Publishers.
Kalter, S. S. (1985). Viral diseases of infant great apes. In C. E. Graham (Ed.), Clinical management of infant great apes (pp. 57-106).
New York: Liss.
Kalter, S. S. (1989). Infectious diseases of nonhuman primates in a zoo setting. Zoo Biology, (Suppl. 1), 61-76.
Kalter, S. S., Heberling, R. L., Cooke, A. W., Barry, J. D., Tian, P. Y., & Northam, W. J. (1997). Viral infection of nonhuman primates.
Laboratory Animal Science, 47(5), 461-467.
Kessler, H., Tsiquaye, K. N., Smith, H., Jones, D. M., & Zuckerman, A. J. (1982). Hepatitis A and B at the London Zoo. Journal of
Infection, 4(1), 63-67.
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(1990), 257-260.
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Primates: The road to self-sustaining populations (pp. 531-556). New York: Springer-Verlag.
McClure, H. M., Strozier, L. M., Keeling, M. E., & Healy, G. R. (1973). Strongyloidosis in two infant orangutans. Journal of the American
Veterinary Medical Association, 163, 629-632.
Orihel, T. C. (1970). The helminth parasites of nonhuman primates and man. Laboratory Animal Care, 20, 395-401.
Ott, J. E. (1980). Virus diseases of primates--their hazards to human health. Current Veterinary Therapy, 7, 733-741.
Ott-Joslin, J. E. (1986). Viral diseases in nonhuman primates. In M. E. Fowler (Ed.), Zoo and wild animal medicine (pp. 674-697).
Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Co.
Ott-Joslin, J. E. (1993). Zoonotic diseases of nonhuman primates. In M. E. Fowler (Ed.), Zoo and wild animal medicine: Current therapy 3
(pp. 358-373). Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders.
Peters, W., Garnham, P. C. C., Killick-Kendrick, R., Rajapaksa, N., Cheong, W. H., & Cadigan, F. C. (1976). Malaria of the orangutan
(Pongo pygmaeus) in Borneo. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B275439-482.
Phillips, L. G., Jr. (1980). The parasitology of primates and carnivores. AAZV (American Association of Zoo Veterinarians) Annual Proceedings
(1980), 116-119.
Savage, A., & Snowdon, C. T. (1982). Mental retardation and neurological deficits in a twin orangutan. American Journal of Primatology,
3, 239-251.
Schneider, H. E. (1980). Some diseases of orang-utans. Erkrankungen Der Zootiere, 22, 73-77.
Schneider, H. E. (1984). More diseases in orang-utan in zoological garden of Dresden. Erkrankungen Der Zootiere, 26, 189-193.
(German w/ English, French, & Russian summaries).
Schneider, H. E. (1985). Even more diseases among orang-utans in zoological garden of Dresden. Erkrankungen Der Zootiere, 27, 373-377.
(German w/ English, French, & Russian summaries).
Seuanez, H. N. (1982). Chromosome studies in the orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus): Practical applications for breeding and conservation.
Zoo Biology, 1(3), 179-199.
Smith, A. J. (1995). Vaccination recommendations for nonhuman primates. Proceedings of the North American Veterinary Conference
(pp. 714-715). Gainesville: Eastern State Veterinary Association.
Smith, N. R., & Damit, M. (1982). Fatal bronchopneumonia in a young orang utan caused by Pseudomonas pseudomallei. Veterinary
Record, 110, 251.
Snyder, R. L., & Amand, W. B. (1980). Diseases of gorillas and orang-utans in the Philadelphia Zoological Garden between 1918-1979.
Erkrankungen Der Zootiere, 22, 69-72.
Stoller, N. H., Ela, K. M., Calle, P. P., Slots, J., & Taichman, N. S. (1989). Periodontal disease in the orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus).
Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 20(4), 454-460.
Stoner, K. E. (1989). Dental pathologies in Pongo pygmaeus. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 78(2), 309-310. (Abstract).
Sujuthi, D., Pamungkas, J., Iskandriati, D., Lelana, R. P. A., Knitter, G. H., & Karesh, W. B. (1992). The incidence of tuberculosis and
hepatitis B in orangutans confiscated by the Indonesian government in 1991. AAZV (Am. Assoc. Zoo Vet.) Annual Proceedings
(1992), 17.
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