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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR URBAN PLANNING AND
DEVELOPMENT USING GIS
Muthusamy,
N. and Dr. M. Ramalingam “Environmental Impact Assessment
For Urban Planning And Development Using Gis” in Martin
J. Bunch, V. Madha Suresh and T. Vasantha Kumaran, eds., Proceedings
of the Third International Conference on Environment and Health,
Chennai, India, 15-17 December, 2003. Chennai: Department
of Geography, University of Madras and Faculty of Environmental
Studies, York University. Pages 290 – 299.
Abstract:
Cites are
the magnet for the growth of the social, economic and political
development of the country. It has a power for the development
of large-scale and small-scale industries, educational institutions,
administrative offices, public and commercial establishments etc.
In turn it attracts more migration from the rural area to the
urban area, or shifting from one urban center to another urban
center. So the population density is getting magnified in certain
pockets of the cities.
There will
be an incredible need for basic amenities like housing, water,
sewage management and transportation. The vital on urban land
availability is tremendous and there will be a certain chance
of deviation in the city plan (eg. master plan i.e. changes in
the land use). As a result there will be a categorical damage
of historical, biological, archeological, aesthetic and visual
impacts and pollution in land, water, air and noise,. There should
therefore be a definite impact assessment for any such type of
development to safeguard the city environment.
The conventional
way of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study is a less accurate
and more time consuming process because it has more dependant
and independent variables which have to be taken in to account
(eg. Landuse, land price, population density, socio-economic level,
road accessibility, railway accessibility, air quality, ground
water quality, noise level, biological content, historical value,
archeological and visual importance), which also have different
consequences. There needs to be a tool or support system, which
can handle the larger volume of spatial and non-spatial data,
to be capable of complexity of analysis and produce an alternative
plan. Remote Sensing, Photogrammetry and GIS are the latest technologies
and tools, which will produce much more accurate results and perform
various geographic analyses even in complex situations. This paper
will articulate the different factors to be considered for impact
assessments for urban planning and development, and lists about
the data which can be useful for this study, the previous study
which was done in a similar area in another part of country, and
detailed methodology which can be adopted for this are discussed.
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