Appointments
 
Fellow - Canadian Psychological Association (from 1972)
 
Editorial Board of Sociometry (1971-75)
 
Grant Review Board of the LaMarsh Committee on Violence and Conflict Resolution, Toronto, Ontario (1980-82)
 
Editorial Board of the Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health (1981-87)
 
Grant Review Board of the United States and Israel Bi-national Science Foundation (1985-91)
 
Chair, Section on Evolutionary Psychology of the Canadian Psychological Association (1986-87)
 
Conference Organizer, 12th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Human Ethology, Toronto, 1994
 
Editorial Board of Evolutionary Psychology (from 2001)

Editorial Board of Evolution and Cognition (from 2002)
 
Research Grants and Fellowships
 
Methodology in the behavioral sciences; 1966-73; National Science Foundation, $54,000
 
Demography of mental institutionalization; 1977-82; Canada Council, $25,000
 
Inclusive fitness and familial relationships, 1983-86, Lamarsh Committee on Violence and Conflict Resolution, $5000,
Social Science and Humanities Research Council of  Canada, $13,000
 
The hunter-gatherer theory of spatial sex differences, 1987-92, Social Science and Humanities Research Council of
Canada, $14,000, York University, $10,000
 
Hormonal factors in spatial development, 1991-1995, Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada
(Small Grants Program), $9000, York University, $12,000
 
Developmental and cognitive mechanisms mediating sex specific spatial attributes; 1997-2001, Social Science and
Humanities Research Council of Canada, $43,000, York University, $6000.
 
 
Books
 
The human subject in the psychological laboratory. New York: Pergamon, 1977.
 
Generalizing from laboratory to life (Ed.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1981.
 
Pure types are rare: Myths and meanings of madness.  New York: Praeger, 1983.
 
 
Articles, Book Chapters, Conference Presentations
 
Age and the tendency to withhold response.  Journal of Gerontology, 1963, 18, 372-375.

In defense of dissonance theory:  Reply to Chapanis and Chapanis. Psychological Bulletin, 1964, 62, 205-209.

        Reprinted in: Suedfeld, P. (Ed.), Attitude change: Theoretical issues. New York: Atherton Press, 1971.
 
Note on the relationship of self-esteem to subject self-selection.  Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1964, 19, 769-770.

Self-esteem and differential responsiveness to success and failure.  Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology,
1964, 69, 115-118.

        Reprinted in: Babladelis, C. & Adams, S. (Eds.), The shaping of personality. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall,
        1967, 290-295.

Differential effects of ego-threat upon persuasibility for high and low self-esteem subjects.  Journal of Abnormal and
Social Psychology, 1964, 69, 567-582.

Demand characteristics vs. dissonance theory as determinants of failure-seeking behavior.  Journal of Personality and
Social Psychology, 1965, 6, 882-884.

Motivations underlying the behavior of the subject in the psychological experiment. Symposium address, American
Psychological Association, Chicago, 1965.

Review of:  Bettleheim, B. & Janowitz, M.  Social change and prejudice.  American Journal of Psychology, 1965,
78, 693-694.

Interrelated effects of social desirability, self-esteem, and complexity of argument on persuasibility.  Journal of
Personality, 1966, 34, 555-568. (Silverman, Ford & Morganti)

        Presented at the Eastern Psychological Association, Atlantic City, 1965.

Test of two interpretations of age deficit in perceptual reorganization.  Journal of Gerontology, 1966, 21, 89-92.
(Silverman & Reiminas)

Response-set bias and predictive validity associated with Kogan's "Attitudes Toward Old People Scale."  Journal of
Gerontology, 1966, 21, 96-98.

Review of:  Sherif, M. & Sherif, C.W.  Reference groups. American Journal of Psychology, 1966, 79, 172.

Treatment of a recurrent nightmare by behavior modification procedures.  Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 1967,
72, 188-190. (Geer & Silverman)

        Reprinted in: Osipose, S.H. & Walsh, M.B. (Eds.), Behavior change in counseling. New York: Appleton
        Century Crofts, 1970, 208-214.

Demand characteristics associated with semantic differential ratings of nouns and verbs.  Educational and
Psychological Measurement, 1967, 27, 83-87. (Cataldo, Silverman & Brown)

On the effect of mode of presentation on phonetic symbolism. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior,
1967, 6, 171-173. (Siegal, Silverman & Markel)

A response deviance interpretation of the effects of experimentally induced frustration on prejudice. Journal of
Experimental Research on Personality, 1967, 2, 150-153. (Silverman & Kleinman)

Role-related behavior in the social psychological experiment. Symposium address, New York State Psychological
Association, Buffalo, 1967.

Psychology. In Funk & Wagnalls Encyclopedia, 1967-69 editions.

Effects of experimenter outcome-expectancy on latency of word association.  Journal of Clinical Psychology, 1968,
24, 60-63.

        Presented at the Eastern Psychological Association, New York, 1966.

Role related behavior of subjects in laboratory studies of attitude change.  Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology, 1968, 8, 343-348.

Expectancy disconfirmation and the choice of negative alternatives:  Dissonance avoidance or situational demands?  In
R. Abelson, E. Aronson, W.J. McGuire, T. Newcomb, M.S. Rosenberg & P.H. Tannenbaum (Eds.), Sourcebook on
cognitive consistency.  New York:  Rand McNally, 1968, 479-484.

Evaluation apprehension, demand characteristics, and the effects of distraction on persuasibility.  Journal of Social
Psychology, 1968, 75, 273-281. (Silverman & Regula)

The elimination of a recurrent nightmare by desensitization of a related phobia.  Behavior Research and Therapy,
1968, 6, 109-111. (Silverman & Geer)

A study of the development of conservation by a non-verbal method. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 1968, 121,
287-291. (Silverman & Schneider)

        Reprinted in:

        Beauchamp, K.L., Bruce, R.L. & Matheson, D.L. (Eds.), Readings in general experimental psychology, New
        York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1970, 208-212.

        Lindgren, H.C., Byrne, D. & Lindgren, F. (Eds.), Current research in psychology. New York: Wiley, 1971,
        61-64.

Effects of hunger on responses to demand characteristics in the measurement of persuasion.  Psychonomic Science,
1969, 15, 201-202. (Silverman & Shulman)

Effects of deception and debriefing of psychological subjects on performance in later experiments.  Journal of
Personality and Social Psychology, 1970, 14, 203-212. (Silverman, Shulman & Wiesenthal)

A conceptual model of artifact in attitude change studies. Sociometry, 1970, 33, 97-107.

        Symposium address, Southeastern Psychological Association, New Orleans, 1969.

Review of: Rosenthal, R. & Rosnow, R.L. (Eds.),  Artifact in behavioral research.  Contemporary Psychology,
1970, 15, 718-721.

Crisis in social psychology:  The relevance of relevance.  American Psychologist, 1971, 26, 583-584.

        Reprinted (in translation) in: Marin, G. (Ed.), Lecturas en psicologia social contemporanea. Mexico City:
        Editorial Trillas, 1976, 11-14.

Physical attractiveness and courtship.  Sexual Behavior, September 1971, 1, 22-25.

On the resolution and tolerance of cognitive inconsistency in a natural occurring event:  Attitudes and beliefs following
the Senator Edward M. Kennedy incident.  Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1971, 17, 171-178.

        Reprinted in:

        Krupat, E. (Ed.), Readings and conversations in social psychology. Glenview: Scott, Foresman, 1975,
        156-164.

        Penner, I. & Dertke, M. (Eds.), Social psychology: The student's reader. Readings: Addison-Wesley, 1972,
        148-163.

Profile of social psychology:  A preliminary application of reference analysis. Journal of the History of the Behavioral
Sciences, 1972, 8, 232-236.  (Shulman & Silverman)

The experimenter as a source of variance in psychological research:  Modeling and sex effects.  Journal of
Personality and Social Psychology, 1972, 21, 219-236. (Silverman, Shulman & Wiesenthal)

Effects of sudden, mass school desegregation on inter-racial interaction and attitudes in one southern city.  Journal of
Social Issues, 1973, 29, 133-142. (Silverman & Shaw)

        Symposium address, Eastern Psychological Association, New York City, 1971.

        Reprinted in: Cohen, I.S. (Ed.), Perspectives on psychology. New York: Praeger, 1975, 413-421.

Experimenter title as a source of sampling bias in commonly used "subject-pool procedures".  Canadian Psychologist,
1973, 14, 197-201. (Silverman & Margolis)

How extraneous are "extraneous subject variables"?  Symposium address, American Psychological Association,
Montreal, 1973.

Review of:  Hendrick, C. & Jones, R.A.  The nature of theory and research in social psychology.  Contemporary
Psychology, 1973, 18, 409-410.

Exploratory studies of human terretorial behavior. Symposium address, Ontario Psychological Association, Toronto, 1973.

Social desirability and need approval:  Some paradoxical data and a conceptual re-evaluation.  British Journal of
Social and Clinical Psychology, 1974, 13, 27-32. (Shulman & Silverman)

The experimenter:  A (still) neglected stimulus object.  Canadian Psychologist, 1974, 15, 258-270.

Some hedonistic considerations regarding altruistic behavior. Symposium address, Southeastern Psychological Association,
Miami, 1974.

Non-reactive measures and the law.  American Psychologist, 1975, 30, 764-769.

The bystander effect:  Some alternative interpretations. Symposium address, Eastern Psychological Association, New
York, 1975.

Man's relationships to space:  An ethological approach. Symposium address, Ontario Psychological Association,
Toronto, 1975.

Punitiveness in response to films varying in content:  A cross-national field study of aggression.  European Journal of
Social Psychology, 1975, 2, 149-165. (Goldstein, Rosnow, Raday, Silverman & Gaskell)

Development of a design for a user-based psychology department facility.  Symposium address, Eastern Psychological
Association, New York, 1976.

On altruism.  Lakehead University Review, 1977, 9, 21-26.

Why social psychology fails. Canadian Psychological Review, 1977, 18, 353-358.

        Symposium address, American Psychological Association, Washington, D.C., 1976

Toward a veridical psychology:  The social psychology of the psychological experiment.  Interamerican Journal of
Psychology, 1978, 2, 6-14.

        Invited Address to the XV Interamerican Congress of Psychology, Bogota, 1974.

Expectancy effects revisited.  Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 1978, 1, 404.

Creating the mental illness culture:  Demographic studies of mental institutionalization in Ontario.  Canadian
Psychology, 1980, 21, 121-128.  (Silverman & Saunders)

        Symposium address, Ontario Psychological Association, Toronto, 1976.

Psychology:  The unwanted science.  In Silverman, I. (Ed.), Generalizing from laboratory to life.  New directions for
methodology of social and behavioral science.  San Francisco:  Jossey-Bass, 1981, pp. 81-87.

Extraneous factors in institutionalization for mental retardation: Demographic analyses for Ontario. Canadian Journal
of Community Mental Health, 1982, 1, 107-113. (Saunders & Silverman)

Reply to Cyr and Haley.  Canadian Psychology, 1983, 24, 61-62. (Silverman & Saunders)

Diffusion of responsibility in charitable donations.  Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 1983, 4, 17-27.
(Wiesenthal, Austrom & Silverman)

Our last (ever) reply to Cyr and Haley.  Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health, 1984, 3, 95-96.
(Silverman & Saunders)

Proximate explanations and primitive thinking. Symposium address, American Psychological Association, Los Angeles,
1985.

The mental illness culture is alive and well.  Canadian Psychology, 1986, 27, 98-99.  (Silverman, Bagby & Saunders)

Inclusive fitness and ethnocentrism.  In V. Reynolds, V. Falger & I. Vine. The sociobiology of ethnocentrism,
London: Croon Helm, 1986, 112-117.

        Presented to the European Sociobiological Society, Oxford, England, 1985.

Race, race differences, and race relations:  Perspectives from psychology and sociobiology.  In Crawford, C., Smith,
M.F. & Krebs, D. Sociobiology and psychology:  Ideas, issues, and findings, Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum, 1987,
205-222.

        Symposium address, Canadian Psychological Association, Halifax, 1985.

Effects of mental health legislative reform in Ontario. Canadian Psychology, 1987, 28, 21-29. (Bagby, Silverman,
Ryan & Dickens)

        Presented at the Canadian Psychiatric Association, Quebec City, 1985, and the American Psychology and Law
        Society, Tucson, Arizona, 1986.
 
The concept of adaptation in evolutionary and clinical psychology. Symposium address, Canadian Psychological
Association, Montreal, 1988.
 
The r/K theory of human individual differences: Scientific and social issues. Ethology and Sociobiology, l990, 11,
1-10.
 
        Symposium address, International Society for Human Ethology, Edinburgh, Scotland, l989.
 
Rejoinder to Rushton. Ethology and Sociobiology, 1990, 11, 529-530.
 
Marital dissatisfaction following the death of a child: The influence of genetic factors at cause in the death. Journal of
Marriage and the Family, 1991, 53, 799-804. (Littlefield & Silverman).
 
How males and females see the world. Division of labor in hominid evolution and sex differences in perceptual styles
and skills. Keynote Address to the European Sociobiological Society, Prague, 1991.
 
Review of: J. Groebel and R. A. Hinde, Aggression and war: Their biological and social bases. N.Y.: Cambridge
University Press, l989. European Sociobiological Society Newsletter, September, 1991, pp. 6-7.
 
Spatial sex differences: Evolutionary theory and data. In J. Barkow, L. Cosmides & J. Tooby (Eds.), The adapted
mind: Evolutionary psychology and the generation of culture. N.Y.: Oxford University Press, 1992, 487-503.
(Silverman & Eals)
 
        Presented at the International Society for Human Ethology, Binghampton, N.Y., 1990, and the Human Behavior
        and  Evolution Society, Los Angeles, 1990.
 
Selective lateralization effects for simple and complex apparent movement tasks: Implications for the earlier
evolutionary emergence of right hemisphere functions. Evolution and Cognition, 1992, 2, 115-122. (Eals &
Silverman)
 
        Presented at the Canadian Psychological Association, Montreal, 1988, and the Evolution and Human
        Behavior  Conference, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1988.
 
Perceptions of maternal and paternal solicitude by birth children and adoptees: Relevance for maternal bonding theory.
Early Development and Parenting, 1993, 2, 135-144. (Silverman, Dickens, Eals & Fine)
 
        Presented as an Invited Symposium Address of the Canadian Psychological Association, Vancouver, 1987, and
        at the  Evolution and Human Behavior Conference, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1988.

Early intimacy and proximity between siblings and later incestuous behavior. Ethology and Sociobiology, 1993, 14,
171-181. (Bevc & Silverman)

        Presented at the Evolution and Human Behavior Conference, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1988.
 
Effects of estrogen changes during the menstrual cycle on spatial performance. Ethology and Sociobiology, 1993, 14,
250-270. (Silverman and Phillips)
 
        Presented at the Human Behaviour and Evolution Society, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, 1991, the
        International Congress of Psychology, Brussels, 1992, and the International Society for Human Ethology,
        Amsterdam, 1992.
 
Evolutionary and hormonal approaches to spatial sex differences. Keynote Address for the Divison of Evolutionary
Psychology of the Canadian Psychological Association, Montreal, 1993.
 
The hunter-gatherer theory of spatial sex differences: Factors mediating the female advantage in location memory,
Ethology and Sociobiology, 1994, 15, 95-105. (Eals and Silverman)

        Presented at the International Society for Human Ethology, Amsterdam, 1992 and as a symposium address to the
        Human Behavior and Evolution Society, Binghampton, New York, 1993.
 
Review of: A. Smedley, Race in North America: Origin and evolution of a worldview. Boulder: Westview Press, 1993.
Quarterly Journal of Biology, 1994, 69, 504.

The study of activational hormonal effects as a method for establishing genetic bases of sexually dimorphic behaviors.
Presented at the Human Behavior and Evolution Society, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1994, and at the International Society
for Human Ethology, Toronto, 1994. (Silverman, Gaulin, Phillips, Kastuk and Choi)
 
Sociobiology and sociopolitics. Social Science Information, 1995, 34, 79-86.
 
        Presented at the European Sociobiological Society, Amsterdam, 1993.
 
Rejoinders to Falger and Salter. Social Science Information, 1995, 34, 347-348.
 
Review of: J. H. Beckstrom, Darwinism applied: Evolutionary paths to social goals. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1993.
Quarterly Journal of Biology, 1995, 70, 113.

Review of: A. Kuper, The chosen primate: Human nature and cultural diversity. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1994.
Quarterly Journal of Biology, 1995, 35, 137.
 
Rejoinder to Seifert. Social Science Information, 1996, 35, 137.
 
Homogeniety of effect sizes for sex across spatial tests and cultures: Implications for hormonal theories. Brain and
Cognition, 1996, 31, 90-94. (Silverman, Phillips and Silverman)
 
Recessive X-linkage effects on spatial test performance. Presented at the Human Behavior and Evolution Society, Evanston, Ill.,
1996, and at the Behavior Genetics Association, Toronto, 1997.

Sexual dimorphisms in spatial behaviors: Applications to route learning. Evolution and Cognition, 1997, 2, 165-171.
(Choi and Silverman)
 
        Presented at the Human Behavior and Evolution Society, Evanston, Ill., 1996.
 
Activational hormone influences on abilities and attitudes: Implications for evolutionary theory. Evolution and
Cognition, 1997, 3, 191-199. (Gaulin, Silverman, Phillips, and Reiber)
 
Differences in the relationship of menstrual cycle phase to spatial performance on two and three dimensional tasks.
Hormones and Behavior, 1997, 32, 167-175. (Phillips and Silverman).

        Presented at the American Psychological Association, Toronto, 1993, and as a symposium address to the Human
        Behavior and Evolution Society, Binghampton, New York, 1993.

The evolutionary psychology of spatial sex differences. In C. Crawford, J. Anderson & D. Krebs (Ed.), Handbook
of Evolutionary Psychology: Ideas, Issues and Applications. Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum, 1998, 595-612. (Silverman & Phillips)
 
        Presented in a symposium address to the American Psychological Association, San Francisco, 1998.

Mind as Modules. Review of Mithen, S. The prehistory of the mind: The cognitive origins of art, religion, and
science. Contemporary Psychology, 1998, 43, 685.
 
Review of: Bock, G.R. and Cardew, G., Characterizing human psychological adaptations: CIBA Foundation
Symposium 208. Evolution and Human Behavior, 1998, 18, 337-338.
 
Can behavioral science change society? Should we want to try? In A. Somit and S.A. Peterson (Eds.), Readings in
Biopolitics, Volume 6. Stamford: JAI Press, 1998, 275-281.
 
Ethnocentrism vs. pragmatism in the conduct of human affairs. In I. Eibl Eibesfeldt and F. Salter (Eds.),
Indoctrinability, warfare and ideology. Oxford: Berghahn Books, 1998, 389-406. (Silverman and Case)
 
Testosterone levels and spatial ability in men. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 1999, 24, 813-822 (Silverman, Kastuk,
Choi and Phillips).
 
        Presented at the Human Behavior and Evolution Society, Santa Barbara, 1995
 
Early separation and sibling incest: A test of the revised Westermarck theory. Evolution and Human Behavior,
2000, 21, 151-161 (Bevc and Silverman).
 
        Presented at the International Society for Human Ethology, Vancouver, 1998.
 
Evolved mechanisms underlying wayfinding: Further studies on the hunter-gatherer theory of spatial sex differences.
Evolution and Human Behavior, 2000, 21, 201-213 (Silverman, Choi, Mackewn, Fisher, Moro and Olshansky).
 
        Presented at the Human Behavior and Evolution Society, Salt Lake City, 1999.
 
Pupillometry: A sexual selection approach. Presented at the Human Behavior and Evolution Society, Amherst, 2000
(Silverman, Tombs and Fisher).

Is psychology undergoing a paradigm shift? Past, present and future roles of evolutionary theory. In A. Somit and S.A.
Peterson (Eds.), Neo-Darwinian theory and the social and behavioral sciences. New York: Elsevier, 2001,
203-216 (Silverman and Fisher).
 
The influence of genomic imprinting on brain development and behavior. Evolution and Human Behavior, 2001, 22, 385-408.
(Goos and Silverman)
 
Providing information at the point of care: Educational diagnostic reports from a genetic testing service provider. Presented
at the American Society of Human Genetics, San Diego, 2001 (Goos, Silverman, Steele, Stockley and Ray).

The role of ethnic nepotism vs. economic pragmatism in inter-group conflict: Data on the Yugoslavian civil war.
Journal of Bioeconomics: Special Issue on Law, Bioeconomics and Evolutionary Psychology (in press) (Silverman and Case).
 
        Presented at the Economic Science Association, Tucson, 2000

Sex related factors in the perception of threatening facial expressions. Journal of Non-Verbal Behavior (in press) (Goos and
        Silverman).
 
        Presented at the International Society for Human Ethology, Vancouver, 1998 (winner of the Best Young Investigator
        Award), the Human Behavior and Evolution Society, Salt Lake City, 1999, and in a symposium of the Canadian
        Psychological Society, Ottawa, 2000.

Ascribing weight to the presentation of a DNA match. Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal (in press) (Goos, Silverman,
Rose, and Newman).

        Presented at the Canadian Society of Forensic Sciences, Toronto, 2001

The relationship between testosterone and route learning strategies. Brain and Cognition (in press) (Choi and Silverman).

Processes underlying route learning strategies in children and adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences
(in press) (Choi and Silverman).

    Presented at the American Psychological Association, San Francisco, 1998, the International Society for Human Ethology,
    Vancouver, 1998, and in a symposium of the Canadian Psychological Society, Ottawa, 2000.

Visiting University Colloquia (by topic)
 
 
        Methodological Issues in Behavioral Research
 
Syracuse University, 1967; University of Florida, 1968; Washington University of St. Louis, 1969.
 
 
        Human Territorial Behavior
 
York University, 1971; University of Waterloo, 1971; University of Florida, 1972; University of California, Long
Beach, 1972; State College of Pennsylvania, East Stroudsberg, 1973; School of Architecture and Environmental
Design, State University of New York at Buffalo, 1974.
 
 
        Altruism
 
 University of Windsor, 1975; University of Western Ontario, 1975; Lakehead University, 1976.
 
 
        The Mental Illness Culture
 
Downstate Medical Center, New York City, 1977; Shands Medical Center, Gainsville, Florida, 1978; University of
North Florida, 1978.
 
 
        Bonding
 
 Wilfred Laurier University, 1984; University of Quebec, 1984; Simon Fraser University, 1984; McMaster University,
1985; University of Washington at St. Louis, 1985; University of California at Santa Barbara, 1985.
 
 
        Sex Specific Differences in Spatial Behaviours
 
Fielding Institute of Santa Barbara, California (Toronto Workshop) l990; North York General Hospital of Toronto,
1991; University of Western Ontario, 1991.