1. Living organisms share several basic characteristics. Which of the following indicates that something is alive?

(a) there is growth, development, and reproduction

(b) there is order and organization

(c) there is movement

(d) there is homeostasis and regulation

(e) a, b, and d

2. Modern Cell Theory states:

(a) cells arise only from the division of other cells

(b) all organisms are composed of one or more cells

(c) the cell is the smallest living organizational unit

(d) all of the above

(e) a and b

3. Prokaryotic cells are different from eukaryotic cells in the following ways:

(a) they are compartmentalized

(b) they are found in plants

(c) they do not have a nucleus

(d) they combine into multicellular organisms

4. The domain Eukarya contains which of the following groups?

(a) protists

(b) bacteria

(c) fungi

(d) all of the above

(e) a and c

5. Fungi are often mistaken for a type of plant. They are not plants however and can be differentiated because they:

(a) are heterotrophs

(b) have filamentous bodies

(c) reproduce both sexually and asexually

(d) all of the above

(e) none of the above

6. A gymnosperm is an example of:

(a) a seed vascular plant

(b) a non-seed vascular plant

(c) a seed non-vascular plant

(d) a non-seed non-vascular plant

(e) a non-seed flowering plant

7. Examine the phylogeny shown here. Which of the following are true statements?

(a) rectangles share a most recent common ancestor

(b) heart shapes are most closely related to striped rectangles.

(c) evolution has not occurred

(d) rectangles are more similar to each other than either rectangle is to the heart.

(e) a and d

8. Viruses

(a) are alive

(b) are eukaryotic cells

(c) can only live as parasites in other cells

(d) cannot mutate

(e) are classified with Archaea

9. The Kingdom Archaea

(a) includes thermoacidophiles

(b) was originally classified as a type of bacteria

(c) includes the eukaryotes

(d) a, b, and c

(e) a and b

10. Algae and Slime Moulds are both:

(a) classified in the Kingdom Protista

(b) classified in the Kingdom Plantae

(c) photosynthetic

(d) autotrophic

(e) cancer-causing

11. This organism would be classified:

(a) as an invertebrate

(b) as an arthropod

(c) in the Kingdom Animalia

(d) all of the above

(e) a and c

12. Chordates include humans. At some point in their development, all chordates have:

(a) a dorsal nerve chord

(b) a notochord

(c) pharyngeal gill slits

(d) a backbone

(e) a, b, and c

13. Natural Selection covers which of the following points?

(a) individuals have to struggle to survive

(b) variation is necessary in a population if it is to evolve

(c) characteristics can be learned and passed on to offspring

(d) all of the above

(e) a and b

14. Microevolution and macroevolution

(a) contradict each other

(b) both explain how one species changes

(c) both explain how evolutionary change happens

(d) both reconstruct shared history

(e) c and d

15. Variation in a population is necessary for evolution to occur. The ultimate source of new variation is

(a) gene flow

(b) mutation

(c) the bottleneck effect

(d) genetic drift

(e) non-random mating

16. Imagine a few individuals of a population were shipwrecked on an island and forced to interbreed for 10 generations. Which of the following would be a risk for the surviving population?

(a) the founder effect

(b) the bottleneck effect

(c) genetic drift

(d) inbreeding

(e) all of the above

17. Artificial and natural selection are different because:

(a) only natural selection results in evolution

(b) breeding programs control natural selection

(c) only artificial selection results in evolution

(d) natural selection has no purpose

(e) a and d

18. Gene flow will:

(a) keep a species from leaving a geographic area

(b) keep genetic variation levels high

(c) occurs in prokaryotes

(d) explains how alleles work

(e) act as a pre-zygotic isolating mechanism

19. An individual from a population appears to be very fit in the evolutionary sense. This individual dies tragically in an earthquake and its genes are removed from the breeding population. This is an example of:

(a) genetic drift

(b) the founder effect

(c) mutation

(d) allelic dismay

(e) non-random mating

20. Last summer, a gardener became frustrated with the number of plants that were being eaten by insects in her yard. She decided to apply a pesticide to her yard. The insects died and her plants thrived. This summer, the same gardener applied the same pesticide to her yard. It did not seem to affect the insects at all. In fact, the insects had a great year and ate all of her plants. The explanation for this is:

(a) artificial selection causing resistance to the pesticide

(b) natural selection causing resistance in the plants

(c) natural selection causing resistance in the insects

(d) poor storage facilities ruining the pesticide

(e) a migration of new insects

21. Tulips come in many different colours. Colour is genetic. The different colours are:

(a) polymorphic loci

(b) separate genes

(c) monomorphic alleles at two loci

(d) polymorphic alleles at one locus

(e) polymorphic alleles at two genes

22. New World nectar feeding bats are not closely related to Old World nectar feeding bats. They are from very distinct families, but they look very similar. This is an example of:

(a) divergent evolution

(b) artificial selection

(c) niche control

(d) convergent evolution

(e) phylogenetic systematics

23. Muller's ratchet and the Red Queen Hypothesis:

(a) both offer explanations for the evolution of asexuality

(b) both offer explanations for why recombination is destructive

(c) differ because they apply to different groups of organisms

(d) both offer explanations for the evolution of sex

(e) are the first explanations of why different species can reproduce sexually

24. The blue gill sunfish has resource defense polygyny. Successful males are very large because they have to fight to maintain a territory. The males protect a territory and provide food for females that nest there. When the female lays her eggs, the male will cover them with sperm to fertilize them. Sometimes, just as he is about to do this, a small "sneaker" male will dash in and cover the eggs with sperm. Females' eggs are being fertilized by 2 forms of male: a large male and a small sneaker male. What would you predict will happen over time?

(a) Directional selection towards large males

(b) Directional selection towards small males

(c) Stabilizing selection

(d) Disruptive selection

(e) Disruptive selection towards large males only

25. Asexual reproduction is:

(a) genetically identical cells produced from a single cell

(b) cloning

(c) fission

(d) budding

(e) all of the above

26. Sexual reproduction is:

(a) the union of sex cells

(b) the union of gametes

(c) the union of fission

(d) all of the above

(e) a and b

27. Hermaphroditism is:

(a) one individual having only ovaries

(b) one individual having both testes and ovaries

(c) partogenesis

(d) one individual having only testes

(e) a and d

28. Differential parental investment means

(a) sexual selection will happen

(b) each sex tries to maximize their input

(c) eggs are usually larger than sperm

(d) reproduction strategies will evolve

(e) all of the above

29. Darwin described mate choice as " the power to charm". Which of the following would you expect to see in a typical situation of mate choice?

(a) large males controlling a portion of the beach

(b) very colourful females

(c) claws, teeth, and horns used for fighting

(d) very colourful males

(e) multiple females in a territory

30. Monogamy

(a) is the best system of parenting

(b) likely to occur if young are precocial

(c) likely to occur if young are altricial

(d) all of the above

(e) a and b

31. "Groups of actually or potentially interbreeding natural populations which are reproductively isolated from other such groups." This quote describes:

(a) isolated populations

(b) separate species

(c) hybrids

(d) F1 and F2 generations

(e) co-species

32. Any concepts of species must account for:

(a) how species evolve

(b) how different species living in the same place stay separate

(c) how the same species living in different places stays the same

(d) b and c

(e) all of the above

33. Which of the following correctly describes sympatric species?

(a) parent species

(b) phenotypically different species

(c) members of the same species

(d) a and b

(e) a, b, and c

34. Two species live in the same forest but live in different parts of the forest. Species A breeds in the spring. Species B comes breeds in the fall. These species are showing

(a) behavioural isolation

(b) temporal isolation

(c) a post-zygotic isolating mechanism

(d) hybrid inviability

(e) prevention of gamete fusion

35. Allopatric speciation is a two-part process. In order for the speciation event to be complete which of the following must happen?

(a) island biogeography must happen

(b) adaptive radiation must happen

(c) island biogeography and adaptive radiation must happen

(d) identical populations must diverge and reproductive isolation must occur

(e) different species must converge and reproduction isolation must be lifted