(Please note there are only a few figures visible on the webpage right now. More figures will be put on this page soon. If you are interested in all the figures at the moment, please contact to David Sills at dsills@nimbus.yorku.ca)
Figure 1.1. Map of the Windsor-Quebec City Corridor (WQC) showing the Hastings experimental site, other major Canadian and US cities and the proximities of the lakes in the region.
Figure 2.1. Surface pressure (mb) and 10 m winds (knots) from the 100 km grid MC2 v4.0 model run valid at 00Z on August 9, 1993. Note that labels are always attached to contours at the lower right corner.
Figure 2.2. Surface pressure (mb) and 10 m winds (knots) from the CMC objective analysis valid at 00Z on August 9, 1993.
Figure 2.3. Synoptic surface analysis centred over the Great Lakes region and valid at 00Z on August 9, 1993. Courtesy of Environment Canada.
Figure 2.4. Surface pressure (mb) and 10 m winds (knots) from the 25 km grid MC2 v4.0 model run valid at 00Z August 9, 1993.
Figure 2.5. Surface pressure (mb) and 1.5 m air temperatures (°C) from the 25 km grid model run valid at 00Z August 9, 1993.
Figure 2.6. 10 m winds (knots) from the 25 km grid model run valid at 00Z August 9, 1993.
Figure 2.7. Remapped Great Lakes GOES-7 visible satellite image valid at 2002Z on August 8, 1993.
Figure 2.8. 10 m winds (knots) from the 25 km grid model run valid at 20Z August 8, 1993.
Figure 2.9. Topography (m) used for the 5 km grid model runs.
Figure 2.10. 10 m winds (knots) from the 5 km grid MC2 v4.0 model run valid at 20Z on August 8, 1993. The arrow represents the cross-section line used for Figure 2.11.
Figure 2.11. Vertical cross-section of through the lake breeze circulation along the north shore of Lake Ontario. Horizontal and vertical winds are in knots but vertical winds speeds are amplified by a factor of ten. Winds have been interpolated between vertical levels to better show the lake breeze circulation.
Figure 2.12. Total cloud cover (tenths) from the 5 km grid model run valid at 20Z on August 8, 1993.
Figure 2.13. Remapped GOES-7 visible satellite imagery centred over Lake Ontario and valid at 2002Z on August 8, 1993. Courtesy of Environment Canada.
Figure 2.14a. Diagram showing the inland penetration of the Lake Ontario lake breeze as inferred from visible satellite imagery. The lake breeze front passes the Hastings site between 22Z and 23Z.
Figure 2.14b. Diagram showing the inland penetration of the Lake Ontario lake breeze as inferred from modelled wind and divergence fields. The lake breeze front fails to pass the Hastings site and is weak or non-existant over the southern and eastern shores.
Figure 3.1. MC2 v3.2 (a) and v4.0 (b) 10 m winds (knots) from 5 km grid model runs valid at 16Z on August 8, 1993.
Figure 3.2. MC2 v3.2 (a) and v4.0 (b) 10 m winds (knots) from 5 km grid model runs valid at 20Z on August 8, 1993.
Figure 3.3. MC2 v3.2 (a) and v4.0 (b) 200 m winds (knots) from 5 km grid model runs valid at 20Z on August 8, 1993.
Figure 3.4. MC2 v3.2 (a) and v4.0 (b) 200 m vertical motion fields (Pas-1) from 5 km grid model runs valid at 20Z on August 8, 1993.
Figure 3.5. MC2 v3.2 (a) and v4.0 (b) 1.5 m air temperature (°C) from 5 km grid model runs valid at 20Z on August 8, 1993.
Figure 3.6. MC2 v3.2 (a) and v4.0 (b) 1.5 m dew point temperature (°C) from 5 km grid model runs valid at 20Z on August 8, 1993.
Figure 3.7. MC2 v3.2 (a) and v4.0 (b) 1.5 m relative humidity (%) from 5 km grid model runs valid at 20Z on August 8, 1993.
Figure 3.8. MC2 v3.2 (a) and v4.0 (b) 10 m divergence fields (s-1) from 5 km grid model runs valid at 20Z on August 8, 1993.
Figure 3.9. MC2 v3.2 (a) and v4.0 (b) surface pressure fields (mb) from 5 km grid model runs valid at 20Z on August 8, 1993.
Figure 4.1. Baseline surface albedo values (no units) used as input to the 5 km grid baseline model run.
Figure 4.2. Baseline surface roughness length values (metres) used as input to the 5 km grid baseline model run.
Figure 4.3. Baseline soil moisture availability values (kgkg-1) used as input to the 5 km grid baseline model run.
Figure 4.4. Baseline deep soil and sea surface temperatures (K) used as input to the 5 km grid baseline model run.
Figure 4.5. Surface temperature values (K) from the 5km grid model run valid at 20Z on August 8, 1993 for the ALi (a), baseline (b) and ALd (c) cases.
Figure 4.6. 1.5 m winds (knots) from the 5km grid model run valid at 22Z on August 8, 1993 for the ZPi (a), baseline (b) and ZPd (c) cases.
Figure 4.7. Momentum flux values (pascals) from the 5km grid model run valid at 22Z on August 8, 1993 for the ZPi (a), baseline (b) and ZPd (c) cases.
Figure 4.8. Boundary-layer height values (metres) from the 5km grid model run valid at 22Z on August 8, 1993 for the ZPi (a), baseline (b) and ZPd (c) cases.
Figure 4.9. Latent heat flux values (Wm-2) from the 5km grid model run valid at 20Z on August 8, 1993 for the HSi (a), baseline (b) and HSd (c) cases.
Figure 4.10. Surface temperature values (K) from the 5km grid model run valid at 20Z on August 8, 1993 for the HSi (a), baseline (b) and HSd (c) cases.
Figure 4.11. Plots of the difference between surface temperature and 1.5 m air temperature values (K) from the 5km grid model run valid at 20Z on August 8, 1993 for the TPi (a), baseline (b) and TPd (c) cases.
Figure 4.12. Sensible heat flux values (Wm-2) from the 5km grid model run valid at 20Z on August 8, 1993 for the TPi (a), baseline (b) and TPd (c) cases.
Figure 4.13. Total cloud cover values (tenths) from the 5km grid model run valid at 20Z on August 8, 1993 for the TPi (a), baseline (b) and TPd (c) cases.
Figure 4.14. 10 m winds (knots) from the 5km grid model run valid at 22Z on August 8, 1993 for the TMi (a), baseline (b) and TMd (c) cases.
Figure 4.15. 10 m divergence values (s-1) from the 5km grid model run valid at 22Z on August 8, 1993 for the TMi (a), baseline (b) and TMd (c) cases.
Figure 4.16. Total cloud cover values (tenths) from the 5km grid model run valid at 20Z on August 8, 1993 for the TMi (a), baseline (b) and TMd (c) cases.
Figure 4.17. Boundary-layer heights (metres) from the 5km grid model run valid at 20Z on August 8, 1993 for the TMi (a), baseline (b) and TMd (c) cases.
Figure 4.18. Plots of the difference between surface temperature and 1.5 m air temperature values (K) from the 5km grid model run valid at 20Z on August 8, 1993 for the TMi (a), baseline (b) and TMd (c) cases.
Figure 4.19. Sensible heat flux values (Wm-2) from the 5km grid model run valid at 20Z on August 8, 1993 for the TMi (a), baseline (b) and TMd (c) cases.