CICERO:  CHRONOLOGY

From D.H. Berry, Cicero: Defence Speeches, Oxford University Press, 200, pp.xliii-xliv

(with alterations)

106    Cicero born (3 January).

91-87 Social War; Cicero serves under Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo (89)

          and Sulla (88); Italians win Roman citizenship (90, 89).

88      Sulla occupies Rome.

88-85 First Mithridatic War.

87      Marius and Cinna occupy Rome; domination of Cinna(87-84).

86      Marius dies.

83-81 Second Mithridatic War.

82      Sulla occupies Rome and is made dictator (82-8.1);

           proscriptions   (82 to 1 June 81).

81      Sulla's reforms, including establishment of seven permanent

          criminal courts with senatorial juries; Pro Quinctio.

80      Pro Roscio Amerino; Cicero defends the freedom of a woman

          from Arretium   (80 or 79).

79-77 Travels abroad; visits Apollonius son of Molon of Rhodes.

78      Sulla dies.

75      Cicero quaestor in western Sicily; henceforward a senator.

74-63 Third Mithridatic War.

73-71 Verres propraetor in Sicily.

70      Pompeius and Crassus consuls; In Verrem; lex Aurelia makes

          juries two-thirds equestrian.

69      Cicero aedile; Pro Fonteio.

67      Lucullus relieved of Mithridatic command;

          lex Gabinia gives Pompeius command against pirates.

66      Cicero praetor in charge of extortion court; Pro lege Manilia;

                 lex Manilia gives Pompey Mithridatic command; Pro Cluentio.

63      Cicero consul; De lege agraria; Pro Rabirio perduellionis reo;

          Catilinarian conspiracy; Pro Murena;

          execution of the conspirators (5 December).

62      Catiline defeated and killed; Pro Sulla; Pro Archia;

          Bona Dea scandal; Pompeius returns to Italy.

61      Clodius acquitted of sacrilege.

60      Publication of In Catilinam; amicitia:Crassus, Pompeius, Caesar.

59      Caesar consul; Clodius adopted into a plebeian family;

          Pro Flacco.

58      Clodius tribune; Cicero exiled; Caesar conquers Gaul (58-50).

57      Cicero recalled; returns to Rome (4 September);

          Post reditum in senatu; Post reditum ad quirites; De domo sua.

56      Pro Sestio; In Vatinium; Pro Caelio; amicitia  reaffirmed;

          De haruspicum responsis; De provinciis consularibus; Pro Balbo.

55      Pompeius and Crassus consuls; In Pisonem; Cicero begins

          philosophical and rhetorical works.

54      Defends Vatinius; Pro Plancio; Pro Scauro;

          defends Gabinius (54 or 53).

53      Crassus killed at Carrhae; Cicero is made augur (53 or 52);

          Pro Rabirio Postumo (53-52).

52      Clodius killed by Milo (18 January); Pompeius appointed sole

          consul; Cicero defends Milo (7 April);

           publication of Pro Milone (52 or 51).

51-50 Cicero proconsul in Cilicia.

50      Hortensius dies.

49      Caesar dictator; Civil War begins; Pompeius crosses to Greece

          (17 March); Caesar visits Cicero (28 March);

          Cicero crosses to Greece (7 June).

48      Pompey defeated at Pharsalus (9 August) and murdered in Egypt

          (28 September); Cicero returns to Brundisium;

          Milo and Caelius killed in revolt against Caesar.

47      Cicero pardoned and allowed to move on to Rome.

46      Pompeians defeated at Thapsus (6 February); Cato commits

          suicide; Cicero resumes philosophical and rhetorical works;

          Pro Marcello; Pro Ligario.

45      Pompeians defeated at Munda (17 March), pro rege Deiotaro

44      Caesar dictator perpetuus (February); murdered (15 March);

          Octavius named as his heir; Cicero falls out with Antony

          (September), assumes leadership of the senate,

          and makes pact with Caesar; Philippics 1-4.

43      Civil War; Philippics 5-14; Antony declared public enemy

          (April); Caesar occupies Rome and is elected consul (August);

          formation of; trimuverate; proscriptions;

          Cicero murdered (7 December).