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[BOOK] Roman
Farm Buildings in Italy
[BOOK] Die
Agrarlehre Columellas
[PDF] ►What
the Roman emperor Tiberius grew in his greenhouses
[BOOK] Paul's
Letter to the Romans: A Commentary
[HTML] ►Word
to Web publishing for Agricultural Research
Centennial Year of Ronald Ross' Epic Discovery of Malaria
Transmission: An Essay and Tribute.
[CITATION] Columella
and His Latin Treatise on Agriculture'
Soil
Scientists in Ancient Rome
[HTML] ►Up-to-date
developments on wild rocket cultivation
Authors
M. Iriti1 1Università di Milano and Istituto di Virologia Vegetale, Dipartimento Agroalimentare Istituto di Patologia Vegetale CNR, via Celoria 2 20133 Milano Italy AbstractA historical approach to plant pathology has been provided on the basis of textual evidence. Roman writers on agriculture, i. e. Cato, Varro, Virgil, Pliny the Elder and Columella, have been revised, with the aim of identifying some of the plant diseases spread in the Roman Age. Rust disease of cereals was the most frequently reported, besides grape rot, root rot of fig trees and rue plants, wood decay of holly oak and, probably, Esca disease of grapevine. Insects and weeds were occasionally cited. The recorded data have been briefly discussed and compared to Greek and Biblical textual sources, while archaeological evidence has been presented to support them, although pertaining to a prehistoric context. Keywordsplant paleopathology, Roman age, rust disease, archeobotany, emergence of agriculture, Latin writers ReferencesAgrios, G. N. (1997): Plant Pathology. Academic Press, San Diego, London, Boston, New York, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto. Anonymous (2002): Holy Bible: Catholic reference edition. Tyndale House Publishers, Wheaton. Armelagos, G. J., Goodman, A. H. and Jacobs, K. H. (1991): The origins of agriculture: population growth during a period of declining health. Popul. Envir. 13, 9–22. Aufderheide, A. C. and Rodríguez-Martín, C. (1998): The Cambridge Encyclopaedia of Human Paleopathology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Baker, J. and Brothwell, D. (1980): Animal Diseases in Archaeology. Academic Press, London. Cato and Varro (1967): De Re Rustica. Translated by Hooper, W. D. and Ash, H. B. Loeb Classical Library, Wm. Heinemann Ltd., London. Caudwell, A. (1957): Deux années d’études sur la flavescence dorée, nouvelle maladie grave de la vigne. Ann. Amelor. Plantes 4, 359–393. Columella (1968): De Re Rustica and De Arboribus. Translated by Ash, H. B., Forster, E. S. and Heffner, E. Loeb Classical Library, Wm. Heinemann Ltd., London. Dark, P. and Gent, H. (2001): Pests and diseases of prehistoric crops: a yield ‘honeymoon’ for early grain crops in Europe? Ox. J. Archaeol. 20, 59–78. Hahn, M. (2000): The rust fungi. In: J. V. Kronstad (ed.): Fungal Pathology. Kluwer Academic Publisher, Dordrecht, pp. 267–306. Hill, G., Stellwaag-Kittler, F., Huth, G. and Schlösser, E. (1981): Resistance of grapes in different developmental stages to Botrytis cinerea . Phytopath. Z. 102, 328–338. Iriti, M. and Faoro, F. (2003): Benzothiadiazole (BTH) induces cell-death independent resistance in Phaseolus vulgaris against Uromyces appendiculatus . J. Phytopathol. 151, 171–180. Iriti, M. and Faoro, F. (2004): Plant defense and human nutrition: phenylpropanoids on the menu. Curr. Top. Nutraceut. Res. 2, 47–65. Iriti, M. and Faoro, F. (2007): Rewiev of innate and specific immunity in animals and plants. Mycopathologia, 164, 57–64. Iriti, M., Rossoni, M., Borgo, M., Ferrara, L. and Faoro F. (2005): Induction of resistance to gray mold modifies amino acid profile and increases proanthocyanidins in grape: primary versus secondary metabolism. J. Agric. Food Chem. 53, 9133–9139. Larignon, P. and Dubos, B. (1997): Fungi associated with esca disease in grapevine. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 103, 147–157. Leu, L. S. (1988): Rust. In: C. R. Pearson and A. C. Goheen (eds): Compendium of Grapevine Diseases. APS, St Paul, pp. 28–30. Pliny (1971): Natural History. Translated by Rackham, H. Loeb Classical Library, Wm. Heinemann Ltd., London. Sinclair, W. A. H., Lyon, H. H. and Johnson, W. T. (1987): Diseases of Trees and Shrubs. Cornell University Press, Ithaca. Smith, A. E. and Secoy, D. M. (1975): Forerunners of pesticides in classical Greece and Rome. J. Agric. Food Chem. 23, 1050–1055. Terrell, J. E., Hart, J. P., Barut, S., Cellinese, N., Curet, A., Denham, T., Kusimba, C. M., Latinis, K., Oka, R., Palka, J., Pohl, M. E. D., Popo, K. O, Williams, P. R., Haines, H. and Staller, J. E. (2003): Domesticated landscapes: the subsistence ecology of plant and animal domestication. J. Archaeol. Method Theory 10, 323–368. Theophrastus (1968): Enquiry into plants. Translated by Hart, A. F. Loeb Classical Library, Wm. Heinemann Ltd., London. Virgil (1974) Eclogues, Georgics, Aeneid. Translated by Fairclough, L. Loeb Classical Library, Wm. Heinemann Ltd., London. Xenophon (1968) Memorabilia, Oeconomicus, Symposium and apology. Translated by Marchant, E. C. and Todd, O. J. Loeb Classical Library, Wm. Heinemann Ltd., London.
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