Ptolemaic Roman Calendar Conversion Tables

[1]

Summary analyses at points of synchronism. For details see the website at http://www.tyndale.cam.ac.uk/Egypt/ptolemies/chron/roman/chron_rom_intro.htm

[2]

Email me at cjbennett@sbcglobal.net

[3]

Julian Year on Kal. Ian.
Bold if = Year AUC,
Italics if previous year,
Red if discontinuity
Yellow cells: 1 January in this month
Blue cells: 29 February in this month
Green cells: 1 Thoth in this month
Pink cells: Triennial bissextile day in this month
(AUC 708-746 = 46-8 only)
Others see month or individual cell

[4]

Varronian Year on Kal. Ian.
AUC 1 = 753 BC
Unbolded = outgoing consular year (before AUC 601)
Bolded = actual consular year AUC
New consular year on Kal. Mai. till AUC 532 = 222 BC
New consular year on Id Mart. till AUC 601 = 153 BC
New consular year on Kal. Ian. thereafter

[5]

29 Days
Kal. Ian = New consular year after AUC 601 = 153 BC

[6]

28 days in normal year
23 days in 377-day year
24 days in 378 day year

[7]

27 days in 377 or 378 day year
Omitted in regular year

underlined = 377 day year
normal = 378 day year
blue = length directly attested
red border = intercalation (or regular) directly attested
black border = intercalation (or regular) inferred from source data
filled with grey = certain regular year
filled with brown = regular year on reconstructed Lex Acilia
filled with rose = regular year if festival date = candidate intercalation
filled with orange = regular year if nundinal choice is correct
filled with purple = estimated regular year
Δ = limits of uncertainty in model due to 1 day variance in Februarius

[8]

31 days
New consular year on Id. Mart
AUC 532 = 222 BC - AUC 600 = 154 BC

[9]

29 days

[10]

31 days
New consular year on Kal. Mai.
till AUC 532 = 222 BC

[11]

29 days

[12]

31 days

[13]

29 days

[14]

29 days

[15]

31 days

[16]

29 days

[17]

67 days
AUC 708 = 46 BC only

[18]

29 days

[19]

Varronian Year on Prid Kal. Ian.
AUC 1 = 753 BC
Always = actual year AUC

[20]

Julian Year on Prid Kal. Ian.
Bold if = Year AUC,
Italics if next year,
Red if discontinuity

[21]

Phase of market day (A-H)
1 letter = same for Ian.-Dec.
2 letters = pre/post intercalation
magenta = model on Kal. Mart.
black = certain on Kal. Mart.
bold if A in 78-8 (bad omen)
orange background = directly attested

[22]

black text = certain conversion
brown text = based on reconstructed Lex Acilia
italics = if festival date indicates candidate intercalation
orange text = if nundinal choice is correct
magenta text = best guess
----------------------------------------------------------------------
bold red text = elipse synchronism
red text = other exact astronomical synchronism
bold orange text = nundinal datum
bold violet text = calendrical synchronism
bold green text = seasonal or other synchronism

[23]

1 January in months with this colour

[24]

Δ gives maximum variation due to accumulated uncertainty in lengths of intercalations between date and AUC 564 = 190 BC

[25]

Kal Mai AUC 492 < early April 262 BC
Siege of Agrigentum begins at height of harvest, June 262 BC
29-31 intercalations AUC 492-564

Polybius 1.17.6

[26]

1 Thoth in months with this colour

[27]

29 February in months with this colour

[28]

Kal Mai AUC 494 in c. March/April 260 BC
Battle of Segesta, Romans led by holdover from AUC 493
28/29 intercalations AUC 494-564

Dio 11.11

[29]

Triumph Kal Int AUC 494

Fasti Tr.

[30]

Kal Mai AUC 296 < late March / early April 258 BC
Attack on Carthaginian winter quarters in Panormus
27-28 intercalations AUC 496-564

Polybius 1.24.9

[31]

April 255 BC <= Mai AUC 499 <= mid May 255 BC
Capture of Regulus before Carthage by newly trained army
Fleet wrecked c. 27 July 255 after c. 2 month expedition
24-25 intercalations AUC 499-564

Polybius 1.31.4+1.36.5+1.37.4 +Dio 11.14

[32]

Fudge day for Gregorian century here

[33]

Kal. Mai AUC 501 < May 253 BC
Start of naval campaign ASAP
24-26 intercalations AUC 501-564

Polybius 1.39.1

[34]

Fudge day for Gregorian century here

[35]

Kal Quint AUC 504 < early August 250 BC
Battle of Panormus at harvest time
Metellus' elephant train leaves Sicily for Rome
21-23 intercalations AUC 504-564

Polybius 1.40.1+Dio 11.29a+Fasti Tr.

[36]

October 249 BC ≈ Nov. AUC 505
Caiatinus as dictator, goes to Sicily
22-23 intercalations AUC 505-564

Dio 12.15+36.34+Livy Per 19

[37]

ad XII Kal Ian AUC 507 in winter 247 BC
Dedication of temple of Ops Opifera by L. Metellus, cos 251+247

Pliny NH 11.174+Dio 12.16

[38]

Kal Mai AUC 512 in c. April 242 BC
Catulus takes command of fleet ASAP
19 intercalations AUC 512-564

Polybius 1.59.8

[39]

Intercalation through difference analysis
19 itercalations AUC 512-564
16-18 intercalations AUC 511-564

Polybius 1.59.8+Eutropius 2.27.2

[40]

ad V Id Mart AUC 512 in spring 241 BC
Battle of Aegates Insulae; end of First Punic War
16-18 intercalations AUC 511-564

Eutropius 22.7.2+Polybius 1.59.8

[41]

Triumph Id Int AUC 518

Fasti Tr.

[42]

Spring 228 before Kal Mai AUC 526
Peace treaty for first Illyrian War
c. 10-12 intercalations AUC 526-564

Polybius 2.12

[43]

Start of consular year moved to Id Mart in AUC 532
Flaminius & Furius coss AUC 531, forced to resign immediately after triumphs
Triumphs on ad VI+IV Id Mart AUC 531
Marcellus+Scipio, coss AUC 532, not suffects

Plutarch, Marcellus 4 + Fasti Tr+Cons

[44]

Kal. Iun. AUC 536 = early June 218 BC
Foundation of Piacenza ≈ news of Hannibal's plans to cross Alps
7 intercalations AUC 536-564

Asc. Piso +Polybius 3.40+Livy 21.21+21.25+21.35-38

[45]

Id Mart AUC 537 > 11 February 217 BC
Solar eclipse of 11 February 217 BC
<= 8 intercalations AUC 537-564

Livy 22.1

[46]

ad X/VIII Kal Quin AUC 537 ≈ late June 217 BC
= Siege of Thebes c. three weeks after Argolid harvest
Battle of Lake Trasimene
Few weeks before Nemean Games
7 intercalations AUC 537-564

Ovid Fasti 6.766+Polybius 5.95+5.97+5.101

[47]

ad IV Non Sex AUC 538 >> 1 July 216 BC
Armies seixing winter stores - well after harvest
Battle of Cannae
5-7 intercalations AUC 538-564

Macrobius Sat 1.16.26+Polybius 3.107+113.1

[48]

Kal Iun AUC 539 = late June 215 BC
Harvest to be secured by Kal Iun
5 intercalations AUC 539-564

Livy 23.32

[49]

Id. Mart. AUC 542 in late winter or early spring
Marcellus sends letter to senate from winter quarters in Sicily
>= 5 intercalations AUC 544-564

Livy 25.7

[50]

End of Apr AUC 542 after March 212 BC
Army seizes winter seed having prevented normal sowing
<= 5 intercalations AUC 542-564

Livy 25.12-15

[51]

Capua to surrender by Id Mai AUC 542
Campaign < 3 weeks
<= 5 intercalations AUC 542-564

Livy 5.22

[52]

Kal. Mart. AUC 543 ≈ late February 210 BC
Valerius learns he won consular elections in early Greek spring
4 intercalations AUC 544-564

Livy 26.26

[53]

late Ian AUC 544 ≈ December 210 BC
Prep for elections at end of summer (ie Oct/Nov)
4-5 intercalations AUC 544-564

Livy 26.26

[54]

Non Mai AUC 547 ≈ 7 April 207
Hasdrubal crosses the Alps
4 intercalations AUC 547-564

Livy 27.36-39

[55]

ad IX/VII AUC 547 ≈ late May 207 BC
Battle of the Metaurus
4 intercalations AUC 547-564

Ovid Fasti 6.770+Livy 27.41-47

[56]

Early Aprilis AUC 548 at beginning of spring
Refugees resettled on farms
3 intercalations AUC 548-564

Livy 28.11

[57]

prid Id Apr AUC 550 early in spring
Arrival of Mater Idaeae from Phrygia
Harvest not grown
Sea voyage
2 intercalations AUC 550-564

Livy 29.11+29.14+Pliny NH 18.16

[58]

Start of spring - ad IX/VII Kal Quint AUC 551 < 70 days
Battle of Cirta
2 intercalations AUC 551-564

Ovid Fasti 6.769+Polybius 14.2+14.7-14.9+Livy 30.11

[59]

ad XIV Kal Ian AUC 552= 1/3 November 202
Battle of Vermina
Relation to Zama and shipwreck of Servilius
2 intercalations AUC 552- 564
Possible eclipse of 19 October 202 ≈ Battle of Zama
Multiple election postponements

Livy 30.36+30.39+Dio 17.14

[60]

Id Mart AUC 556 ≈ 6/7 January 197 BC
Embassy of Perseus to Rome
1 intercalation AUC 557-564

Livy 32.32+32.36+33.1 + Polybius 18.11 + Plut. Flamininus 7.3

[61]

Debt relief law effective as of Feralia AUC 561
Calendrical implications uncertain

Livy 35.7

[62]

Lex Acilia passed this year
Inferred rules used here:
377 followed by 378
378 followed by regular
At most two consecutive regulars
7 377+378 pairs to catch up

Macrobius Sat 1.13.21

[63]

If intercalary must be 378 days
Inferred Lex Acilia

[64]

Anchor date for Julian conversions

[65]

Total solar eclipse in Rome ad V Id Quint AUC 564
= 14 March 190 BC
Games of Apollo

Livy 37.4

[66]

c. 30 days from Regifugium to Tubilustrium AUC 564
= 20 Oct - 18 Nov or 11 Nov - 10 Dec 190
= a few weeks before onset of winter
AUC 564 is regular
Battle of Magnesia

Polybius 21.13+Fasti. Praen.

[67]

c. 30 days from Regifugium to Tubilustrium AUC 564
= 20 Oct - 18 Nov or 11 Nov - 10 Dec 190
= a few weeks before onset of winter
AUC 564 is regular
Battle of Magnesia

Polybius 21.13+Fasti. Praen.

[68]

c. 30 days from Regifugium to Tubilustrium AUC 564
= 20 Oct - 18 Nov or 11 Nov - 10 Dec 190
= a few weeks before onset of winter
AUC 564 is regular
Battle of Magnesia

Polybius 21.13+Fasti. Praen.

[69]

Triumph on prid Kal Mart of Intercalary month in AUC 565
Length from elections for AUC 567+inferred Lex Acilia

Livy 37.59

[70]

Nundinal letter not G or H
Elections ad XII+XI Kal Mart AUC 566

Livy 38.4

[71]

Nundinal not G or H
Elections ad XII+XI Kal Mart AUC 566
Length of AUC565+566 = 377+377 or 378+355
Inferred Lex Acilia precludes 377+377

Livy 38.42

[72]

Intercalary under Inferred Lex Acilia
AUC 566 regular
No regular pairs AUC 564-586

[73]

Non Oct AUC 568 in early summer
Proscription of Bacchanalia

CIL I 581+Livy 39.8-19+39.20

[74]

23 day intercalation if AUC 576 is regular
No regular pairs AUC 568-586
Inferred lex Acilia

[75]

Nundinal letter not D or E
Praetorian elections ad V+IV Id Mart AUC 575
Possibilities are A+C
Consular election ad VII or VI Id Mart
Assume praetorian not on ad VI Mart because market day

Livy 50.49

[76]

Regular if nundinal letter of Mart. AUC 575/6 is C

[77]

Triumph on Kal. Int.
Length from inferred Lex Acilia
AUC 578 is regular

Fasti Tr.

[78]

Nundinal letter not C
Election on ad III Non Sex AUC 576

Livy 41.17

[79]

Regular on inferred Lex Acilia if Terminalia implies not 378 days
Triumph dated to Terminalia AUC 579
AUC 577 is intercalary

[80]

Distance to Kal. Mart. AUC 582 = 1110 days
Inferred Lex Acilia
Assumes AUC 578 is regular

[81]

Triumph dated to Terminalia AUC 579
AUC 577 is intercalary
AUC 578 probably regular on inferred Lex Acilia

Fasti Tr.

[82]

Intercalary on inferred Lex Acilia
No regular pairs AUC 568-586
AUC 578 is probably regular

[83]

Id Feb AUC 582 no later than early winter
Troops assemble at Brindisi for shipping to Macedonia

Livy 42.27

[84]

Long distance between Id Feb and ad XII Kal Mart
Lateness of elections for AUC 583
Length from inferred Lex Acilia
AUC 583 is regular
Nundinal letter not G or H
Election for AUC 583 on ad XII+XI Kal. Mart AUC 582

Livy 42.10+42.27+42.28

[85]

Regular from inferred Lex Acilia
AUC 582+584 both intercalary

[86]

Nundinal letter not B or D
Elections on ad V & III Kal Feb. AUC 584

Livy 43.11

[87]

Intercalation 2 days after Terminalia
Intercalation is 23 days

Livy 43.11

[88]

Nundinal letter not D or E
Trials on ad VIII & VII Kal. Oct. AUC 584
AUC 585 is regular

Livy 43.16

[89]

Regular year from comitial dates of AUC 584+585
Regular year from inferred Lex Acilia

[90]

Lunar eclipse on night of ad III Non Sept AUC 586
Eclipse of 21 June 168
Battle of Pydna

Livy 44.37.8

[91]

Regular year on inferred Lex Acilia
AUC 587 is 377 days long

[92]

Triumph dated to Quirinalia AUC 586
AUC 586 is regular year on inferred Lex Acilia

Fasti Tr.

[93]

Intercalation on day after Terminalia
Intercalation is 22 days

Livy 45.44.3

[94]

Triumph on Kal. Int. AUC 588
Length from inferred Lex Acilia

Fasti. Tr.

[95]

Regular from inferred Lex Acilia
AUC 587 is 378 day year

[96]

SC dated Kal. Int. probably in this year
Intercalary from inferred Lex Acilia

SG(3) 644

[97]

Consular year starts Kal. Ian from now on

Fasti Praen. (Kal. Ian.)+Cass. Chron.+Livy Per 47

[98]

Fudge day for Gregorian century here

[99]

Fudge day for Gregorian century here

[100]

Rising of Sirius (27 July 145 BC) < mid Sept. AUC 610

Appian Punica 99

[101]

23 day intercalation on inferred Lex Acilia
16 intercalations AUC 586-614

SIG(3) 674

[102]

prid Non Quint AUC 614 in Phillikos (Thessalian)
SC on Narthakion / Melitea dispute
16 intercalations AUC 586-614
13 intercalations AUC 614-642
Inferred Lex Acilia:
4 22/23 day intercalary pairs AUC 585-614
All intercalations AUC 614-AUC 677 23 days long
AUC 614 intercalary
AUC 615 regular

SIG(3) 642 etc

[103]

Regular on inferred Lex Acilia

AUC 614 is 378-day year

[104]

ad VII/prid Id Iun AUC 642 in Skirophorion (Ath)
SC on Athenian artistic guild dispute
14 or 15 intercalations AUC 642-677
14 23 day intercalations by inferred Lex Acilia

SIG(3) 705

[105]

ad III Feralia AUC 654
Lex Porcia
Preceding year probably regular
(inferred Lex Acilia)

Knidos antipiracy decree

[106]

ad III Kal Sex AUC 653 after summer solstice

Plut. Marius 26.4

[107]

ad III Feralia AUC 654
Lex Porcia
Preceding year probably regular
(inferred Lex Acilia)

Knidos antipiracy decree

[108]

ad X Kal Term AUC 660
AUC 659 regular (inferred Lex Acilia)

CIL I(2) 682

[109]

ad X Kal Term AUC 660
AUC 660 candidate intercalary
AUC 659 regular (inferred Lex Acilia)

CIL I(2) 682

[110]

Regular by inferred Lex Acilia
10 intercalations AUC 668-687

[111]

Kal. Mart. AUC 668 near 1 Anthesterion (Ath)
Sulla's sack of Athens
9 intercalations AUC 668-687

Plutarch Sulla 14.3

[112]

Intercalary by inferred Lex Acilia
10 intercalations AUC 668-687
4 intercalations AUC 668-677
AUC 671 is intercalary

Plut. Sulla 14.6

[113]

Regular by inferred Lex Acilia

AUC 671 intercalary

[114]

ad V Kal Int, prid Kal Int AUC 671 attested

Cicero, Pro Quintio 79

[115]

Regular by inferred Lex Acilia

AUC 671 intercalary

[116]

Intercalary by inferred Lex Acilia
10 intercalations AUC 668-687
4 intercalations AUC 668-677
AUC 671 is intercalary

Plut. Sulla 14.6

[117]

Regular by inferred Lex Acilia
10 intercalations AUC 668-687

[118]

Intercalary by inferred Lex Acilia
10 intercalations AUC 668-687
4 intercalations AUC 668-677
AUC 671 is intercalary

Plut. Sulla 14.6

[119]

Regular by inferred Lex Acilia
10 intercalations AUC 668-687

[120]

Market day Kal Ian AUC 677
Kal Ian AUC 677 - ad X Kal Dec AUC 697 = 8N days
Next market day on Kal Ian is AUC 702
Tumultus Lepidianus
5 or 6 23-day intercalations AUC 677-688
6 by inferred Lex Acilia
43 intercalations AUC 585-677
4 22 day intercalations AUC 585-677
39 23 day intercalations AUC 585-677

Macrobius Sat 1.13.7+Sallust Or Phil+Dio 40.47

[121]

5 or 6 intercalations AUC 677-687
Length from Tumultus Lepidianus (Ian. AUC 677)
6 intercalations from inferred Lex Acilia

[122]

Market day Kal Ian AUC 677

Macrobius Sat 1.13.7+Sallust Or Phil

[123]

Regular by inferred Lex Acilia
10 intercalations AUC 668-687

[124]

5 or 6 intercalations AUC 677-687
Length from Tumultus Lepidianus (Ian. AUC 677)
6 intercalations from inferred Lex Acilia

[125]

Regular by inferred Lex Acilia
10 intercalations AUC 668-687

[126]

5 or 6 intercalations AUC 677-687
Length from Tumultus Lepidianus (Ian. AUC 677)
6 intercalations from inferred Lex Acilia

[127]

Regular by inferred Lex Acilia
10 intercalations AUC 668-687

[128]

5 or 6 intercalations AUC 677-687
Length from Tumultus Lepidianus (Ian. AUC 677)
6 intercalations from inferred Lex Acilia

[129]

Sicilian harvest threshed before Kal Sex AUC 683
Threshing time is June/July: Kal Sex AUC 683 > 1 July 71
2 intercalations AUC 684-687

Cicero Verres 3.36

[130]

mid Feb AUC 684 < 50 days before start of spring 70
Cicero's visit to Sicily to investigate Verres
2 intercalations AUC 684-687

Cicero Verres 1.6+2.140+Pro Scauro 24-26

[131]

Regular by inferred Lex Acilia
10 intercalations AUC 668-687

[132]

5 or 6 intercalations AUC 677-687
Length from Tumultus Lepidianus (Ian. AUC 677)
6 intercalations from inferred Lex Acilia

[133]

Regular by inferred Lex Acilia
10 intercalations AUC 668-687

[134]

5 or 6 intercalations AUC 677-687
Length from Tumultus Lepidianus (Ian. AUC 677)
6 intercalations from inferred Lex Acilia

[135]

ad XV Kal Oct AUC 687 = lunar day 3
= 30 September or 1 October 67 BC
a) 3 23 day intercalations AUC 688-696+6 23 day intercalations AUC 677-687 or
b) 2 23 day + 1 22 day ntercalations AUC 688-696+5 23 day intercalations AUC 677-687
a) by inferred Lex Acilia

CIL I(2) 2511

[136]

Regular by inferred Lex Acilia
3 intercalations AUC 687-696

[137]

ad XIV Kal Ian AUC 688 in early winter
Surprise attack on Pompey
2 intercalations AUC 689-696

Plut. Pompey 34.2

[138]

Regular by inferred Lex Acilia
3 intercalations AUC 687-696
No intercalation to avoid market day on Kal. Ian. A.U.C. 690

Macrobius Sat 1.13.7+Dio 40.47+48.33

[139]

Electoral concilium ad XVI Kal Sex AUC 689
Distance to ad X Kal Dec AUC 697 ≠ 8N days
Nundinal ≠ B

Cicero Ad Att 1.1.1

[140]

3 intercalations AUC 687-696
Length & position from inferred Lex Acilia

CIL I(2) 2511

[141]

Regular by inferred Lex Acilia
3 intercalations AUC 687-696

[142]

ad IX Kal Oct AUC 691 is in Libra
Birthday of Augustus
1 intercalation AUC 691-695

Suet. Aug. 5+Manilius 4.776

[143]

Regular by inferred Lex Acilia
3 intercalations AUC 687-696
No intercalation to avoid market day on Kal. Ian. A.U.C. 693

Macrobius Sat 1.13.7+Dio 40.47+48.33

[144]

3 intercalations AUC 687-696
Length & position from inferred Lex Acilia

CIL I(2) 2511

[145]

Regular by inferred Lex Acilia
3 intercalations AUC 687-696

[146]

Regular by inferred Lex Acilia
3 intercalations AUC 687-696
No intercalation to avoid market day on Kal. Ian. A.U.C. 696

Macrobius Sat 1.13.7+Dio 40.47+48.33

[147]

Contio with speech against Bibulus ad VIII Kal Sex AUC 695
Distance to ad X Kal Dec AUC 697 ≠ 8N Days; Nundinal ≠ B
23 day intercalation AUC 696
But not clear this contio covered by Lex Hortensia

Cicero Ad Att 2.21

[148]

Election day ad XV Kal Nov 695
Distance to ad X Kal Dec AUC 697 ≠ 8N days; Nundinal ≠ D
AUC 696 is intercalary

Cicero Ad Att 2.20

[149]

Election day ad XV Kal Nov 695
Contio with speech against Bibulus ad VIII Kal Sex AUC 695
Distance ad XV Kal Nov AUC 695 to ad X Kal Dec AUC 697 ≠ 8N days --> intercalary
Distance ad VIII Kal Sex AUC 695 to ad X Kal Dec AUC 697 ≠ 8N Days --> 23 days?
AUC 696 is 23 day intercalation
But not clear the contio of AUC 695 was covered by Lex Hortensia
Length from Inferred Lex Acilia

Cicero Ad Att 2.20+2.21 + CIL I(2) 2511

[150]

Helvetian campaign starts ad V Kal Apr AUC 696 with 3 months provisions
Gallic harvests in July

Caesar Gall 1.5.5+1.6.4

[151]

prid Kal Mai AUC 696 - Nox Sex AUC 697 = 15 months + N days
Length of Cicero's exile:: No intercalation in AUC 697

Cicero, Ad Fam 14.4+Ad Att 4.1+Plut. Cicero 33.7

[152]

prid Kal Mai AUC 696 - Nox Sex AUC 697 = 15 months + N days
Length of Cicero's exile: No intercalation in AUC 697

Cicero, Ad Fam 14.4+Ad Att 4.1+Plut. Cicero 33.7

[153]

prid Kal Mai AUC 696 - Nox Sex AUC 697 = 15 months + N days
Length of Cicero's exile: No intercalation in AUC 697

Cicero, Ad Fam 14.4+Ad Att 4.1+Plut. Cicero 33.7

[154]

Market day ad X Kal Dec AUC 697

Cicero Ad Att 4.3

[155]

Market day ad X Kal Dec AUC 697

Cicero Ad Att 4.3

[156]

Letter started prid Id Feb AUC 698 Finished ad XIV Kal Mart AUC 698
No intercalation in AUC 698

Cicero Ad Quint 2.3

[157]

Letter started prid Id Feb AUC 698 Finished ad XIV Kal Mart AUC 698
No intercalation in AUC 698
Avoids market day on Kal Ian AUC 699

Cicero Ad Quint 2.3

[158]

ad V Non Mart AUC 699 = [3?] Artemitios (Issa)
Caesar meets Issan delegation near Aquileia

RDGE 24

[159]

Kal Int attested on tessera nummularia
ad X Kal Dec AUC 697 - Kal Ian AUC 702 = 8N days
22 day intercalation AUC 699

AE 1992 177+Cicero Ad Att 4.3+Dio 40.47

[160]

Senate can meet from Quirinalia to Kal Mart
No intercalation

Cicero Ad Quint 2.11

[161]

Senate can meet from Quirinalia to Kal Mart
No intercalation

Cicero Ad Quint 2.11

[162]

Senate can meet from Quirinalia to Kal Mart
No intercalation

Cicero Ad Quint 2.11

[163]

ad V Kal Sex AUC 700 is comitial
ad X Kal Dec AUC 697 - ad V Kal Sex AUC 700 ≠ 8N days

Cicero Ad Att 4,15

[164]

ad VI Kal Oct AUC 700 shortly before 23 September 54
Caesar in Britain but leaves by autumn

Cicero Ad Att 4.18+Caesar Gall. 5.23

[165]

Fudge day for Gregorian century not needed here

[166]

ad VI Id Iun AUC 701 shortly before 11-12 May 53 (full moon in Scorpio)
Battle of Carrhae

Ovid Fasti 6.456+Plut. Crassus 29.4

[167]

Fudge day for Gregorian century not needed here

[168]

Market day Kal. Ian AUC 702

Dio 40.47

[169]

102 days from ad XIII Kal Feb to ad VI Id Apr AUC 703
Time from murder of Clodius to trial of Milo+date of trial
23 day intercalation AUC 702

Cicero Pro Milone 10.27+35.98+ Asc. On Pro Milone

[170]

102 days from ad XIII Kal Feb to ad VI Id Apr AUC 703
Time from murder of Clodius to trial of Milo+date of trial

Cicero Pro Milone 10.27+35.98+ Asc. On Pro Milone

[171]

Market day Kal. Ian AUC 702

Dio 40.47

[172]

560 days from ad Kal Feb AUC 702 to ad XI Kal Sex AUC 703 less
102 days from ad Kal Feb to ad VI Id Apr AUC 702
No intercalation in AUC 703

Cicero Pro Milone 10.27+35.98+Ad Att 5.13+Asc. On Pro Milone

[173]

560 days from ad XIII Kal Feb AUC 702 to ad XI Kal Sex AUC 703
Time since murder of Clodius

Cicero Pro Milone 10.27+Ad Att 5.13

[174]

Letter dated ad V Term AUC 704

Cicero Ad Att 6.1.

[175]

No intercalation

Dio 40.62

[176]

Letters every few days from ad X Kal Feb to ad VII Id Mart AUC 703

Cicero Ad Att 9.10

[177]

Letters every few days from ad X Kal Feb to ad VII Id Mart AUC 703
Intercalation would create large gap -- year is regular

Cicero Ad Att 9.10

[178]

Letters every few days from ad X Kal Feb to ad VII Id Mart AUC 703

Cicero Ad Att 9.10

[179]

ad XVII Kal Iun AUC 705 ≈ 23 March 49 BC (spring equinox)
AUC 706-707 regular years

Cicero, Ad Att 10.7

[180]

Market day Kal Ian AUC 705

NOT RECORDED

[181]

23 Artemisios SE 265 ≈ early Quintilis AUC 707
Caesar in Antioch

Malalas IX + Cicero Ad Att 11.20

[182]

a.d. VI Kal Feb AUC 708 < 8 Nov 47 BC
Caesar's camp destroyed by hail near setting of Pleiades

Caesar, Afr. 47

[183]

23 day intercalation

Cens. 20.8

[184]

67 day intercalation

Cens. 20.8

[185]

Caesarian reform takes effect on Kal. Ian.

[186]

Triennial leap days in months with this colour
Kal Ian AUC 702 - prid Kal Ian 713 = 8N days
Bissextile day in AUC 713
12 cycles before AUC 708
First (and only) Caesarian bissextile day

Dio 40.47+48.33 +Macrobius Sat 1.14.13

[187]

Quintilis renamed Iulius

Dio 45.7.2

[188]

First erroneous bissextile to avoid market day on Kal. Ian. AUC 714

Dio 48.33

[189]

Market day prid Kal Ian. AUC 713

Dio 48.33

[190]

Market day prid Kal Ian. AUC 713

Dio 48.33

[191]

Spring equinox (23 March) = ad IX Kal Apr AUC 717

Varro, De Re Rust I 28

[192]

Autumn equinox (25 September) = ad VI Kal Oct AUC 717

Varro, De Re Rust I 28

[193]

Kal Sex = Start of regnal year of Augustus in Egypt
Fall of Alexandria

Dio 51.19

[194]

Julian and triennial leap days in this month

[195]

[5-7] Mesore year 1 [= prid Kal Sex AUC 725]
Expiration of annual lamplighter contract

pOxy XII 1453

[196]

7 Mesore year 4 [= prid Kal Sex AUC 728]
End of annual lease

Dio 51.19 + pRyl IV 601

[197]

Lunar ephemerides ad VIII-prid Kal Sex AUC 730
= lunar ephemerides 25-31 July 24 BC
ad VIII-prid Kal Sex AUC 730 = 1-7 Mesore year 6

pOxy LXI 4175

[198]

Lunar ephemeris Kal Sex AUC 730
= lunar ephemeris 1 August 24 BC
Kal Sex AUC 730 = 8 Mesore year 6

pOxy LXI 4175

[199]

Lunar ephemerides ad IV Non-ad VIII Id Sept AUC 730
= lunar ephemerides 2-5 September 24 BC
Lunar ephemerides ad III Id Sept - ad XVIII Kal Oct AUC 730
= lunar ephemerides 11-16 September 24 BC
Kal-Id Sept AUC 730 = 4-16 Thoth year 7

pOxy LXI 4175

[200]

Julian and triennial leap days in this month

[201]

ad X Kal Feb = 14 Peritios (Asia)
leap year in 8 BC

iPriene 105+Dio 54.30

[202]

Augustan reform suspends bissextile days till AUC 757 = AD 4 after this

Macrobius Sat. 1.14.13, Suet. Aug. 31 + Cens. 22.16

[203]

Sextilis renamed Augustus

Cens. 22.16

[204]

Bissextile day omitted from nundinal cycle from this year

CIL IV 4162+8863 + Dio 60.24.7

[205]

ad XIIII Kal Aug = 27 Epieph
[AUC 746-748 = 8-6 BC]
No leap year in 5 BC

pVindob L 1c

[206]

Renamed in AUC 710 = 44 BC

[207]

Renamed in AUC 746 = 8 BC

[208]

Renamed in AUC 790 = AD 37
Reverted in AUC 794 = AD 41?

[209]

17 leap years AUC 730-798
12 leap years AUC 710-746
No leap year AUC 749
First bissextile day on Julian leap year cycle

Suet Claud. 2+Dio 60.26+pOxy LXI 4175+Macrobius Sat 1.14.13+iPriene 105+pVinob L 1c

[210]

Septembris renamed Germanicus

Suet. Gaius 15.2

[211]

Germanicus renamed Septembris?

[212]

Market day moved to avoid religious festival
(Regifugium)

Dio 60.24.7

[213]

Solar eclipse on Kal. Aug. AUC 798 = 1 August AD 45
Claudius' birthday eclipse

Dio 60.26 + Suet. Claud. 2

[214]

Fudge day for Gregorian century here

[215]

Fudge day for Gregorian century not needed here

[216]

Lunar day 16 = a.d. VIII Id Feb AUC 813 = 6 February AD 60

CIL IV 4182

[217]

Market day a.d. VI Id Feb AUC 813

CIL IV 4182+ CIL IV 8863