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Freedom of Expression and the Press

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Jamie Cameron/Christopher Bredt


VOLUME 1

I. PERSPECTIVES ON FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

A. INTRODUCTION I-2

B. RATIONALES AND PURPOSES I-2

The marketplace of ideas: Abrams v. United States I-3

Democratic government: The Alberta Press Case I-5

Self-realization I-7

C. FREEDOM OF THE PRESS I-9

D. CHARTER INTERPRETATION AND SECTION 2(b) I-12

The role of tradition I-12

An introduction to the First Amendment I-12

 

II. A METHODOLOGY OF EXPRESSIVE FREEDOM (updated Jan/2001)

A. INTRODUCTION II-2

B. IRWIN TOY v. A-G QUEBEC II-3

Irwin Toy v. A-G Quebec II-3

C. THE MEANING OF AEXPRESSION@ UNDER SECTION 2(b) II-14

Section 2(b) of the Charter II-14

Picketing: RWDSU v. Dolphin Delivery Ltd. II-15

United Food and Commercial Workers v. KMart Canada Ltd. . . . . . . . . II-17

The peace camp: Weisfeld v. Canada II-29

Lap dancing: Ontario Adult Entertainment Bar Assn. v. Toronto II-32

The circus: Stadium Corp. v. City of Toronto II-35

The First Amendment II-37

The draft card case: U.S. v. O=Brien II-37

Flag burning: Texas v. Johnson II-39

Nude dancing: Barnes v. Glen Theatre Inc. II-42

Panhandling: Young v. New York City Transit Authority II-46

A Note on Step Two and the Purpose-Effect Distinction II-50

D. THE CONTEXTUAL APPROACH UNDER SECTION 1 II-52

Step 1: Edmonton Journal v. A-G Alberta II-52

Step 2: Rocket v. Royal College of Dental Surgeons II-55

Step 3: R. v. Keegstra II-57

Step 4: RJR-MacDonald v. A-G Canada II-63

 

III. GOVERNMENT PROPERTY, EXPRESSIVE FREEDOM AND THE PUBLIC FORUM

A. GENERAL PRINCIPLES III-2

A.G. Canada v. Committee for the Commonwealth of Canada III-3

City of Peterborough v. Ramsden III-18

B.C.G.E.U. v. A-G British Columbia III-28

A note on First Amendment forum doctrine III-32

International Society for Krishna Consciousness, Inc. v. Lee III-34

B. ABORTION PICKETING III-41

R. v. Lewis III-41

A-G Ontario v. Dieleman III-57

Frisby v. Schultz III-61

Madsen v. Women=s Health Centre III-63

C. PRIVATE PROPERTY AND PUBLIC ACCESS III-65

Harrison v. Carswell III-65

Amalgamated Food Employees Union Local 590 v. Logan Valley Plaza, Inc. III-69

 

IV. DEFAMATION

A. INTRODUCTION IV-2

B. SEDITIOUS LIBEL IV-3

Switzman v. Elbling IV-4

C. CONTEMPT OF COURT IV-6

R. v. Kopyto IV-6

D. LIBEL IV-10

Introduction IV-10

Hill v. Church of Scientology of Toronto IV-13

R. v. Lucas IV-29

E. THE FIRST AMENDMENT IV-48

New York Times Co. v. Sullivan IV-48

Hustler Magazine v. Falwell IV-54

 

V. DISCRIMINATORY EXPRESSION

A. INTRODUCTION V-2

B. CRIMINAL SANCTIONS V-3

R. v. Keegstra V-3

R. v. Zundel V-24

C. HUMAN RIGHTS LEGISLATION V-37

Canada (Human Rights Commission) v. Taylor V-36

Ross v. New Brunswick School District No. 15 V-44

Human Rights Amendment Act, 1993 V-53

D. THE FIRST AMENDMENT V-54

Beauharnais v. Illinois V-54

R.A.V. v. St. Paul V-59

Wisconsin v. Mitchell V-64

Village of Skokie v. National Socialist Party of America V-66

Doe v. University of Michigan V-73

 

VI. OBSCENITY AND PORNOGRAPHY

A. INTRODUCTION VI-2

B. SEXUAL EXPRESSION AND THE CHARTER VI-3

R. v. Butler VI-3

R. v. Hawkins VI-19

R. v. Mara VI-22

Gender-based harm VI-29

C. CHILD PORNOGRAPHY VI-33

Re Eli Langer VI-33

D. CUSTOMS VI-48

Little Sisters Book and Art Emporium v. Canada (Minister of Justice) VI-48

E. THE FIRST AMENDMENT VI-66

Roth v. United States VI-66

American Booksellers Association v. Hudnut VI-71

Skyywalker Records Inc. v. Navarro VI-74

 

* SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY B-1


VOLUME 2

[1997 version. Vol. 2 not updated yet for 1999.]

[chapter VII only updated Jan/2001, as shown here]

 

VII. POLITICAL EXPRESSION AND THE ELECTORAL PROCESS

A. INTRODUCTION VII-2

Excerpt, the Royal Commission on Electoral Reform and Party Financing

(Lortie Commission) VII-3

Austin v. Michigan Chamber of Commerce VII-6

B. LIMITS ON THIRD PARTY PARTICIPATION VII-9

Somerville v. A-G of Canada VII-9

Libman v. Quebec (Attorney General) VII-17

Harper v. Canada VII-32

C. OTHER RESTRICTIONS ON POLITICAL PARTICIPATION VII-40

1. Opinion Poll Blackout VII-40

Thomson Newspapers Co. v. A-G Canada VII-40

2. Restrictions on Parties and Re-Imbursement of Expenses VII-58

Re MacKay et al. and Government of Manitoba VII-58

Figueroa v. Canada (Attorney General) VII-63

3. Public Servants and Partisan Politics VII-67

Osborne v. Canada VII-67

4. Voting Rights VII-75

Haig v. Chief Electoral Officer VII-75

D. AMERICAN JURISPRUDENCE VII-80

Buckley v. Valeo
VII-80

Bellotti v. Baird VII-84

Branti v. Finkel VII-87

VIII. COMMERCIAL EXPRESSION

A. INTRODUCTION VIII-2

B. SECTION 2(B) VIII-3

Ford
v. Quebec (A.G.) VIII-3

C. REASONABLE LIMITS UNDER S. 1 VIII-7

Irwin Toy Ltd.
v. A-G of Quebec VIII-7

Reference Re ss. 193 and 195.1(1)(c) of the Criminal Code VIII-14

Rocket v. Royal College of Dental Surgeons of Ontario VIII-20

RJR - MacDonald Inc. v. A-G Canada VIII-26

Bill C-71, Tobacco Act, 1996 VIII-42

D. AMERICAN JURISPRUDENCE VIII-50

A note on the First Amendment jurisprudence
VIII-50

IX. COMPELLED EXPRESSION

A. INTRODUCTION IX-1

B. GENERAL PRINCIPLES IX-2

R. v. Big M Drug Mart IX-2

Roach v. Minister of Citizenship IX-3

West Virginia Board of Education v. Barnette IX-7

Wooley v. Maynard IX-9

C. MANDATORY LABELS IX-12

Meese v. Keene IX-12

R.J.R. MacDonald v. A-G Canada IX-16

D. EMPLOYMENT RELATIONS IX-18

Slaight Communications Inc. v. Davidson IX-18

Lavigne v. O.P.S.E.U. et al. IX-27

Keller v. State Bar of California IX-47

X. GOVERNMENT REGULATION OF THE MEDIA

A. THE REGULATORY FRAMEWORK X-2

Royal Commission on Newspapers (Kent Commission)1981

(Chapter 2CThe Public Trust (extracts)) X-2

A Statement of Principles for Canadian Daily Newspapers X-9

Broadcasting Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. B-9 (extracts) X-11

Law Reform Commission of CanadaCCRTC Study (extracts) X-15

Royal Commission on Newspapers (Kent Commission)1981

(Chapter 14CRecommendations (extracts)) X-20

New Brunswick Broadcasting Co. v. C.R.T.C. X-22

B. RATIONALES FOR REGULATION X-26a

Spectrum Scarcity

Red Lion Broadcasting Co. v. F.C.C. X-26

Public Property

Re CFRB and Attorney General of Canada et al. X-33

Culture/National Unity

Report of the Task Force on Broadcasting Policy (1986) X-36

Privacy

Federal Communications Commission v. Pacifica Foundation X-38

C. CONTENT REGULATION X-45

National Indian Brotherhood v. Juneau X-45

Les Entreprises de Radiodiffusion de la Capitale Inc. (CHIRC Quebec) X-48

D. ACCESS TO THE MEDIA X-56

Trieger v. Canadian Broadcasting Corp. X-56

Royal Commission on Electoral Reform and Party Financing

(Lortie Commission) X-59

Miami Herald Publishing Co. v. Tornillo X-63

XI. NEWSGATHERING

A. INTRODUCTION XI-2

Canadian Broadcasting Corp. v. A-G New Brunswick [Re R. v. Carson] XI-2

B. THE PRESS AND SECTION 8 XI-7

Canadian Broadcasting Corp. v. New Brunswick XI-7

Canadian Broadcasting Corp. v. Lessard XI-13

C. AMERICAN JURISPRUDENCE XI-22

Zurcher v. Stanford Daily XI-22

Branzburg v. Hayes XI-31

Pell v. Procunier XI-41

XII. ACCESS TO PROCEEDINGS

A. INTRODUCTION XII-2

B. ACCESS TO JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS XII-3

Canadian Broadcasting Corp. v. A-G New Brunswick [Re R. v. Carson] XII-3

C. ACCESS TO OTHER PROCEEDINGS XII-13

Pacific Press Ltd. v. Canada XII-14

Travers v. Canada XII-19

Southam Inc. v. A-G Canada XII-23

D. ACCESS TO DOCUMENTS AND EXHIBITS XII-25

Vickery v. Nova Scotia Supreme Court (Prothonotary) XII-25

Leader Post v. Neuls XII-34

Dr. A v. C XII-36

E. ACCESS BY ELECTRONIC OR AUDIO MEDIA XII-39

Kingston Whig-Standard v. Ontario (A-G) XII-39

R. v. Squires XII-43

New Brunswick Broadcasting Co. v. Nova Scotia XII-49

F. AMERICAN JURISPRUDENCE XII-53

Richmond Newspapers, Inc. v. Virginia XII-53

Globe Newspaper Co. v. Superior Court XII-56

XIII. PUBLICATION BANS

A. INTRODUCTION XIII-2

B. FAIR TRIAL XIII-3

Dagenais v. C.B.C. XIII-3

Re Global Communications Ltd. and Attorney-General for Canada XIII-18

Manitoba (Attorney-General) v. Groupe Quebecor Inc. XIII-20

R. v. Bernardo XIII-22

C. PRIVACY XIII-24

Edmonton Journal v. Alberta (Attorney General) XIII-24

Canadian Newspapers Co. v. A.G. Canada XIII-35

John Doe v. C.B.C. XIII-38

D. AMERICAN JURISPRUDENCE XIII-46

Nebraska Press Association v. Stuart XIII-46

Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn XIII-49


 
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