Anth 2140 and 2150 and 3000N, 2003-2004

Anthropology Reference System

 

This web page is intended to give you additional information, to complement (not replace) the handouts you received in class regarding correct academic citation practices. Make sure you have those handouts too!

Also, for information about Senate regulations regarding plagiarism etc.: please follow these links:

Faculty of Arts – Academic Honesty – Information for Students

Senate Policy on Academic Honesty  

 

In General

There are three components to correct referencing: using quotation marks, citations, and a bibliography. You must do each correctly, in all of your work. Signal phrases are also helpful. Note that good academic writing often contains a citation for almost every sentence in a paper.

 

Quotation Marks: 

Indicate with quotation marks if more than three consecutive words are from another author. 

If the quote is over three lines long, inset it from both margins and single space the lines. Avoid using many long quotes.

 

Citation:

Give the author’s name and indicate where they published the ideas/words (author’s name, publication date, page number). In this class, citation must be done in standard Anthropology format, i.e. with brackets, like this: (Author 1994:23)

 

Bibliography:         

Give the names of author(s), title of article, title of book or journal, date, place of publication, publisher. For websites, include the webpage author, date, title of article, website name, full URL of specific webpage (not just of website), and date accessed.

 

Signal Phrases:     

Introduce a quote or idea with “According to Author X”, or “In the words of Author X”, or “Author X indicates”

 

 

In Anthropology

Different disciplines favour different reference systems for bibliographies and citations. In this class, we use the standard Anthropology system.

The American Anthropological Association bases its system upon the Chicago Manual of Style. More specifically, Anthropology uses the "Scientific" version of the Chicago Manual of Style -- with in-text citations (Author Date:pg) -- rather than the "Humanities" version of the CMS, which relies upon footnotes instead.

A short explanation of the system is available here on the Nexus Style Guide Site: http://publish.uwo.ca/~stchri/styleguide.html

 

For more detail, see the examples below (some of which are the same as in the Nexus Style Guide). The material below is copied directly from the AAA Style Guide (found in its entirety as a pdf here: www.aaanet.org/pubs/style_guide.htm )

If you find yourself exceptionally fascinated with the finer points of documentation and style in academic writing, do consult the Chicago Manual of Style FAQ online for ongoing debates about just about everything. (e.g. Do you capitalize the "the" in "the Who" or not? How can you tell whether to use "which" or "that"?)

 

In the Text: Text Citations and References Cited, from the

 

American Anthropological Association Style Guide

 

www.aaanet.org/pubs/style_guide.htm

 

All references must be cited in author-date form; all author-date citations must be referenced

 

Alphabetization:

  

    References with the same author and date should be placed in alphabetical order, by title

 

Citations:

 

    Place text citations as near the author’s name as possible, except place quotation citations after the quote

 

   Use colon, no space, between year and page number (exception to Chicago): Waterman 1990:3–7

 

    Use "et al." in text citations of three or more authors, but spell out all names in references cited

 

    Use full first names where possible for authors and editors (but do not force if author goes by initials)

 

   Where citing an author, put the year in parentheses, but where citing a work, leave the year (and page 

    numbers, if applicable) in the running text:

                Author: Smith (1990) eloquently describes the material.

                Work: Smith 1990 contains an analysis of the material.

 

Do not use ibid. for repeated references

 

Notes:

 

   Where citing a note or notes, use:

            (Boulifa 1990:10 n. 12; 24 nn. 12–13)

 

Publications in press (forthcoming):

  

    Text citations: in press

    References cited: In press

 

Reprinted material:

 

    Where citing reprinted material, use date from work used in text citations and insert

    all dates in references cited list:

            Text citations: (Webber 1994)

            References cited: Webber 1994[1849]

 

Translations:

 

   In references where the author also is the translator use: Victor Hugo, ed. and trans.

 

Volumes:

 

    If volume is the only one referenced in the article, then include its number in

    references cited and omit its number from the text citation

 

   Cite a specific volume of a referenced work by inserting the volume number after the

    year: (Waterman 1990, 2:3–7)

 

 

In Your Bibliography: Reference Examples, from the American Anthropological Association Style Guide

A. Single-Author Book

 

Castles, Stephen

    1990 Here for Good. London: Pluto Press.

 

B. Coauthored Book

 

Bonacich, Edna, and John Modell

    1975 The Economic Basis of Ethnic Solidarity: Small Business in the Japanese American

    Community. Berkeley: University of California Press.

 

C. Author, with Others (cite first author in text citations)

 

Bonacich, Edna, with Mark Smith and Kathy Hunt

    1999 The Economic Basis of Ethnic Solidarity: Small Business in the Japanese American

    Community. Berkeley: University of California Press.

 

D. Multiple References in the Same Year (alphabetize by title)

 

Gallimore, Ronald

    1983a A Christmas Feast. New York: Oxford University Press.

 

    1983b Holiday Gatherings in the Pacific Northwest. Berkeley: University of California Press.

 

E. Work Accepted for Publication

Spindler, George

    In press In Pursuit of a Dream: The Experience of Central Americans Recently Arrived in the

    United States. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

 

F. Work Submitted for Publication or Unpublished Work

Smith, John

    N.d. Education and Reproduction among Turkish Families in Sydney. Unpublished MS,

    Department of Education, University of Sydney.

 

G. Materials in Archives

Egmont Manuscripts

    N.d. Phillips Collection. University of Georgia Library, Athens.

   

Davidson, William A.

    N.d. "On several occasions she would even join in our discussions" Untitled paper, John P. Gillin

    Papers: Box 10.1. Peabody Museum Archives, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.

 

Ambasamudram Taluk

    1879 Settlement Register, Tirunleveli District. Archived material, Madras Archives, Chennai

    (Madras), Tamilnadu, India.

 

H. Chapter in Book with Editor(s)

 

Rohlen, Thomas P.

    1993 Education: Policies and Prospects. In Koreans in Japan: Ethnic Conflicts and

    Accommodation. Cameron Lee and George De Vos, eds. Pp. 182–222. Berkeley: University

    of California Press.

 

Price, T. Douglas

    1984 Issues in Paleolithic and Mesolithic Research. In Hunting and Animal Exploitation in the

    Later Paleolithic and Mesolithic of Eurasia. Gail Larsen Peterkin, Harvey M. Bricker, and

    Paul Mellars, eds. Pp. 241–244. Archeological Papers of the American Anthropological

    Association, 4. Arlington, VA: American Anthropological Association.

 

I. Editor as Author

 

Diskin, Martin, ed.

    1970 Trouble in Our Backyard: Central America in the Eighties. New York: Pantheon Books.

 

J. Article in Journal

 

Moll, Luis C.

    2000 Writing as Communication: Creating Strategic Learning Environments for Students.

    Theory into Practice 25(3):202–208.

 

K. Article in Journal Theme Issue

 

Heriot, M. Jean

    1996 Fetal Rights versus the Female Body: Contested Domains. "The Social Production of

    Authoritative Knowledge in Pregnancy and Childbirth," theme issue, Medical Anthropology

    Quarterly 10(2):176–194.

 

Heriot, M. Jean, ed.

    1996 The Social Production of Authoritative Knowledge in Pregnancy and Childbirth, theme

    issue, Medical Anthropology Quarterly 10(2).

 

L. Book in a Series

 

Bartlett, H. H.

    1974 The Labors of the Datoe and Other Essays on the Batak of Asakan (North Sumatra).

    Michigan Papers on South and Southeast Asia, 15. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

 

M. One Volume in a Multivolume Work

 

Clutton-Brock, Juliet, and Caroline Grigson, eds.

    1986 Animals and Archaeology, vol. 1: Hunters and Their Prey. BAR International Series, 163.

    Oxford: British Archaeological Reports.

 

    1998 The Practice of Everyday Life, vol. 2: Living and Cooking. Rev. edition. Luce Giard, ed.

    Timothy J. Tomasik, trans. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

 

N. Review

 

Trueba, Henry T.

    1999 Review of Beyond Language: Social and Cultural Factors in Schooling Language Minority

    Students. Anthropology and Education Quarterly 17(2):255–259.

 

O. Report

 

Kamehameha Schools

    1977 Results of the Minimum Objective System, 1975–1976. Technical Report, 77. Honolulu:

    Kamehameha Schools, Kamehameha Elementary Education Program.

 

P. Ph.D. Dissertation or M.A. Thesis

 

D’Amato, John

    1989 "We Cool, Tha’s Why": A Study of Personhood and Place in a Class of Hawai‘ian Second

    Graders. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Education, University of Hawai‘i.

 

Q. Paper

 

Shimahara, Nobuo K.

    1998 Mobility and Education of Buraku: The Case of a Japanese Minority. Paper presented at the

    Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association, Chicago, November 18.

 

Poveda, David

    2000 Paths to Participation in Classroom Conversations. Paper presented at the 7th International

    Pragmatics Conference, Budapest, July 9–14.

 

R. Reprint or Translation

 

van Gennep, A.

    1960[1908] The Rites of Passage. Michaela Vizedom and Mari Caffee, trans. Chicago:

    University of Chicago Press.

 

S. Subsequent or Revised Edition

 

Gallimore, Ronald

    1960 Qualitative Methods in Research on Teaching. In Handbook of Research on Teaching. 3rd

    edition. Margaret C. Wittrock, ed. Pp. 119–162. New York: Macmillan.

 

Gallimore, Ronald

    1962[1960] Qualitative Methods in Research on Teaching. In Handbook of Research on

    Teaching. Rev. edition. Margaret C. Wittrock, ed. Pp. 119–162. New York: Macmillan.

 

T. Article in a Newspaper or Popular Magazine

 

Reinhold, Robert

    2000 Illegal Aliens Hoping to Claim Their Dreams. New York Times, November 3: A1, A10.

 

Editorial

    1992 Washington Post, February 14: B2.

 

Letter to the Editor

    1994 Newsweek, August 27: 4, 11.

 

Boston Globe

    1983 How Can I Become a Self-Starter? Boston Globe, May 10: A23–A24.

 

Trinidad Guardian

    1994 Trinidad Guardian, July 11.

 

U. Personal Communication (including e-mail, listserv, and newsgroup messages)

 

Should be cited in text citations, with specific date, but not in references cited:

Horace Smith claims (letter to author, July 12, 1993)

 

V. Court Case

 

Should be cited in text citations but not in references cited (see Chicago 16.174):

(Doe v. U. Mich., 721 F. Supplement 852 [1989])

 

W. Internet Document

 

Use this format for public Internet documents with URLs. Use example U, above, for private

documents sent via the World Wide Web (only break at solidus when necessary):

 

Rheingold, Howard

    2000 A Slice of Life in My Virtual Community. Electronic document,

    http://well.sf.ca.us/serv/ftp.htm, accessed July 5.

 

American Anthropological Association

    2000[1992] Planning for the Future: Current Long-Range Plan for the American Anthropological

    Association. Electronic document, http://www.aaanet.org/committees/lrp/lrplan.htm, accessed

    January 18, 2001.

 

X. Foreign Publication with Title Translation or Foreign Name (last name first name—no

comma)

 

Ma Xueliang

    1996 Minzu yanjiu wenji (Collected works on nationalities research). Beijing: Minzu

    Chubanshe.

 

Y. Film, Video, Television, and Music Recordings (Chicago 7.148 [titles], 15:418)

 

Carvajal, Carmela, and David C. Kim, dirs.

    1998 High School Parody. 120 min. Paramount Pictures. Hollywood.

 

High School Parody

    1998 Carmela Carvajal and David C. Kim, dirs. 120 min. Paramount Pictures. Hollywood.

 

Bush, George, Jr.

    2000 Interview by Jim Lehrer. The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer. PBS, May 18.

 

Shakur, Tupac

    1997 I Wonder If Heaven Got A Ghetto. From R U Still Down? (remember me). New York:

    Interscope Records.

 

 

Z. Authors of Forewords, Afterwords, or Introductions (see Chicago 16:51)

 

Comaroff, Jean, and John Comaroff

    1993 Introduction. In Modernity and Its Malcontents: Ritual and Power in Postcolonial Africa.

    Jean Comaroff and John Comaroff, eds. Pp. xi–xxxvii. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

 

 

 

 

 

 

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT ONLINE REFERENCES

So how do I identify the URL of an individual web page? If a web page has frames, quite often the URL in the "Location" bar on your browser will be the URL for the whole website, not the one for the web page. We need the individual page URL so we know which exact page your content is coming from. Easy way to find the page URL on a framed site:  Right-click your mouse inside the frame you want, then choose the option to "open in new window". When the page opens in a new window, the URL in the location bar is the URL for that page. Check out this page for a great tutorial.

How do I cite something that I found at About.com? The URL is really long.
First, make sure that it's okay to be using something you found via About.com (remember, the quality of online resources is uneven, so you should check with your prof). Then, check out this page, which explains it.

Is there an easy way to transcribe a long URL correctly? The best way is to copy and paste it, i.e. copy from your browser and paste into your word processor. Move your cursor to the Location bar in your browser, select the text with your mouse, press Ctrl-C to copy, switch windows (Alt-Tab) to your word processor , and then press Ctrl-V to paste it into your document.

What can I tell from a URL? Here's a great link to a page at Wesleyan U. Scroll down.