THE MACHINE STOPS
by E M Forster (1909)
I THE AIR-SHIP
Imagine, if you can, a small room,
hexagonal in shape, like the cell of a bee. It is lighted
neither by window nor by lamp, yet it is filled with a soft
radiance. There are no apertures for ventilation, yet the
air is fresh. There are no musical instruments, and yet, at
the moment that my meditation opens, this room is throbbing
with melodious sounds. An armchair is in the centre, by its
side a reading-desk-that is all the furniture. And in the
armchair there sits a swaddled lump of flesh-a woman, about
five feet high, with a face as white as a fungus. It is to
her that the little room belongs.
An electric bell rang.
The woman touched a switch and the music was silent.
"I suppose I must see who it is," she thought, and set her
chair in motion. The chair, like the music, was worked by
machinery and it rolled her to the other side of the room
where the bell still rang importunately.
"Who is it?" she called. Her voice was irritable, for she
had been interrupted often since the music began. She knew
several thousand people, in certain directions human
intercourse had advanced enormously.
But when she listened into the receiver, her white face
wrinkled into smiles, and she said:
"Very well. Let us talk, I will isolate myself. I do not
expect anything important will happen for the next five
minutes--for I can give you fully five minutes, Kuno. Then I
must deliver my lecture on 'Music during the Australian
Period'."
She touched the isolation knob, so that no one else could
speak to her. Then she touched the lighting apparatus, and
the little room was plunged into darkness.
"Be quick!" She called, her irritation returning. "Be
quick, Kuno; here I am in the dark wasting my time."
But it was fully fifteen seconds before the round plate that
she held in her hands began to glow. A faint blue light
shot across it, darkening to purple, and presently she could
see the image of her son, who lived on the other side of the
earth, and he could see her.
"Kuno, how slow you are."
He smiled gravely.
"I really believe you enjoy dawdling."
"I have called you before, mother, but you were always busy
or isolated. I have something particular to say."
"What is it, dearest boy? Be quick. Why could you not send
it by pneumatic post?"
"Because I prefer saying such a thing. I want---"
"Well?"
"I want you to come and see me."
Vashti watched his face in the blue plate.
"But I can see you!" she exclaimed. "What more do you
want?"
"I want to see you not through the Machine," said Kuno. "I
want to speak to you not through the wearisome Machine."
"Oh, hush!" said his mother, vaguely shocked. "You mustn't
say anything against the Machine."
"Why not?"
"One mustn't."
"You talk as if a god had made the Machine," cried the
other.
"I believe that you pray to it when you are unhappy. Men
made it, do not forget that. Great men, but men. The
Machine is much, but it is not everything. I see something
like you in this plate, but I do not see you. I hear
something like you through this telephone, but I do not hear
you. That is why I want you to come. Pay me a visit, so
that we can meet face to face, and talk about the hopes that
are in my mind."
She replied that she could scarcely spare the time for a
visit.
"The air-ship barely takes two days to fly between me and
you."
"I dislike air-ships."
"Why?"
"I dislike seeing the horrible brown earth, and the sea, and
the stars when it is dark. I get no ideas in an air-ship."
"I do not get them anywhere else."
"What kind of ideas can the air give you?"
He paused for an instant.
"Do you not know four big stars that form an oblong, and
three stars close together in the middle of the oblong, and
hanging from these stars, three other stars?"
"No, I do not. I dislike the stars. But did they give you
an idea? How interesting; tell me."
"I had an idea that they were like a man."
"I do not understand."
"The four big stars are the man"s shoulders and his
knees. The three stars in the middle are like the belts that men
wore once, and the three stars hanging are like a sword."
"A sword?;"
"Men carried swords about with them, to kill animals and
other men."
"It does not strike me as a very good idea, but it is
certainly original. When did it come to you first?"
"In the air-ship---" He broke off, and she fancied that he
looked sad. She could not be sure, for the Machine did not
transmit nuances of expression. It only gave a general idea
of people--an idea that was good enough for all practical
purposes, Vashti thought. The imponderable bloom, declared
by a discredited philosophy to be the actual essence of
intercourse, was rightly ignored by the Machine, just as the
imponderable bloom of the grape was ignored by the
manufacturers of artificial fruit. Something 'good enough'
had long since been accepted by our race.
"The truth is," he continued, "that I want to see these
stars again. They are curious stars. I want to see them
not from the air-ship, but from the surface of the earth, as
our ancestors did, thousands of years ago. I want to visit
the surface of the earth."
She was shocked again.
"Mother, you must come, if only to explain to me what is the
harm of visiting the surface of the earth."
"No harm," she replied, controlling herself. "But no
advantage. The surface of the earth is only dust and mud,
no advantage. The surface of the earth is only dust and
mud, no life remains on it, and you would need a respirator,
or the cold of the outer air would kill you. One dies
immediately in the outer air."
"I know; of course I shall take all precautions."
"And besides---"
"Well?"
She considered, and chose her words with care. Her son had
a queer temper, and she wished to dissuade him from the
expedition.
"It is contrary to the spirit of the age," she asserted.
"Do you mean by that, contrary to the Machine?"
"In a sense, but---"
His image in the blue plate faded.
"Kuno!"
He had isolated himself.
For a moment Vashti felt lonely.
Then she generated the light, and the sight of her room,
flooded with radiance and studded with electric buttons,
revived her. There were buttons and switches everywhere--buttons
to call for food for music, for clothing. There was
the hot-bath button, by pressure of which a basin of
(imitation) marble rose out of the floor, filled to the brim
with a warm deodorized liquid. There was the cold-bath
button. There was the button that produced literature. and
there were of course the buttons by which she communicated
with her friends. The room, though it contained nothing,
was in touch with all that she cared for in the world.
Vashanti's next move was to turn off the isolation switch,
and all the accumulations of the last three minutes burst
upon her. The room was filled with the noise of bells, and
speaking-tubes. What was the new food like? Could she
recommend it? Has she had any ideas lately? Might one tell
her one"s own ideas? Would she make an engagement to visit
the public nurseries at an early date?--say, this day this
month.
To most of these questions she replied with irritation--a
growing quality in that accelerated age. She said that the
new food was horrible. That she could not visit the public
nurseries through press of engagements. That she had no
ideas of her own but had just been told one--that four stars
and three in the middle were like a man: she doubted there
was much in it. Then she switched off her correspondents,
for it was time to deliver her lecture on Australian
music.
The clumsy system of public gatherings had been long since
abandoned; neither Vashti nor her audience stirred from
their rooms. Seated in her armchair she spoke, while they
in their armchairs heard her, fairly well, and saw her,
fairly well. She opened with a humorous account of music in
the pre Mongolian epoch, and went on to describe the great
outburst of song that followed the Chinese conquest. Remote
and primeval as were the methods of I-San-So and the
Brisbane school, she yet felt (she said) that study of them
might repay the musicians of today: they had freshness; they
had, above all, ideas. Her lecture, which lasted ten
minutes, was well received, and at its conclusion she and
many of her audience listened to a lecture on the sea; there
were ideas to be got from the sea; the speaker had donned a
respirator and visited it lately. Then she fed, talked to
many friends, had a bath, talked again, and summoned her
bed.
The bed was not to her liking. It was too large, and she
had a feeling for a small bed. Complaint was useless, for
beds were of the same dimension all over the world, and to
have had an alternative size would have involved vast
alterations in the Machine. Vashti isolated herself--it was
necessary, for neither day nor night existed under the
ground-and reviewed all that had happened since she had
summoned the bed last. Ideas? Scarcely any. Events-was
Kuno's invitation an event?
By her side, on the little reading-desk, was a survival from
the ages of litter--one book. This was the Book of the
Machine. In it were instructions against every possible
contingency. If she was hot or cold or dyspeptic or at a
loss for a word, she went to the book, and it told her which
button to press. The Central Committee published it. In
accordance with a growing habit, it was richly bound.
Sitting up in the bed, she took it reverently in her hands.
She glanced round the glowing room as if some one might be
watching her. Then, half ashamed, half joyful, she murmured
"O Machine!" and raised the volume to her lips. Thrice she
kissed it, thrice inclined her head, thrice she felt the
delirium of acquiescence. Her ritual performed, she turned
to page 1367, which gave the times of the departure of the
air-ships from the island in the southern hemisphere, under
whose soil she lived, to the island in the northern
hemisphere, whereunder lived her son.
She thought, "I have not the time."
She made the room dark and slept; she awoke and made the
room light; she ate and exchanged ideas with her friends,
and listened to music and attended lectures; she make the
room dark and slept. Above her, beneath her, and around
her, the Machine hummed eternally; she did not notice the
noise, for she had been born with it in her ears. The
earth, carrying her, hummed as it sped through silence,
turning her now to the invisible sun, now to the invisible
stars. She awoke and made the room light.
"Kuno!"
"I will not talk to you." he answered, "until you come."
"Have you been on the surface of the earth since we spoke
last?"
His image faded.
Again she consulted the book. She became very nervous and
lay back in her chair palpitating. Think of her as without
teeth or hair. Presently she directed the chair to the
wall, and pressed an unfamiliar button. The wall swung
apart slowly. Through the opening she saw a tunnel that
curved slightly, so that its goal was not visible. Should
she go to see her son, here was the beginning of the
journey.
Of course she knew all about the communication-system.
There was nothing mysterious in it. She would summon a car
and it would fly with her down the tunnel until it reached
the lift that communicated with the air-ship station: the
system had been in use for many, many years, long before the
universal establishment of the Machine. And of course she
had studied the civilization that had immediately preceded
her own--the civilization that had mistaken the functions
of the system, and had used it for bringing people to
things, instead of for bringing things to people. Those
funny old days, when men went for change of air instead of
changing the air in their rooms! And yet-she was frightened
of the tunnel: she had not seen it since her last child was
born. It curved--but not quite as she remembered; it was
brilliant-but not quite as brilliant as a lecturer had
suggested. Vashti was seized with the terrors of direct
experience. She shrank back into the room, and the wall
closed up again.
"Kuno," she said, "I cannot come to see you. I am not
well."
Immediately an enormous apparatus fell on to her out of the
ceiling, a thermometer was automatically laid upon her
heart. She lay powerless. Cool pads soothed her forehead.
Kuno had telegraphed to her doctor.
So the human passions still blundered up and down in the
Machine. Vashti drank the medicine that the doctor
projected into her mouth, and the machinery retired into the
ceiling. The voice of Kuno was heard asking how she
felt.
"Better." Then with irritation: "But why do you not come to
me instead?"
"Because I cannot leave this place."
"Why?"
"Because, any moment, something tremendous many happen."
"Have you been on the surface of the earth yet?"
"Not yet."
"Then what is it?"
"I will not tell you through the Machine."
She resumed her life.
But she thought of Kuno as a baby, his birth, his removal to
the public nurseries, her own visit to him there, his visits
to her--visits which stopped when the Machine had assigned
him a room on the other side of the earth. "Parents, duties
of," said the book of the Machine," cease at the moment of
birth. P.422327483." True, but there was something special
about Kuno--indeed there had been something special about
all her children--and, after all, she must brave the
journey if he desired it. And "something tremendous might
happen". What did that mean? The nonsense of a youthful
man, no doubt, but she must go. Again she pressed the
unfamiliar button, again the wall swung back, and she saw
the tunnel that curves out of sight. Clasping the Book, she
rose, tottered on to the platform, and summoned the car.
Her room closed behind her: the journey to the northern
hemisphere had begun.
Of course it was perfectly easy. The car approached and in
it she found armchairs exactly like her own. When she
signaled, it stopped, and she tottered into the lift. One
other passenger was in the lift, the first fellow creature
she had seen face to face for months. Few travelled in
these days, for, thanks to the advance of science, the earth
was exactly alike all over. Rapid intercourse, from which
the previous civilization had hoped so much, had ended by
defeating itself. What was the good of going to Peking when
it was just like Shrewsbury? Why return to Shrewsbury when
it would all be like Peking? Men seldom moved their bodies;
all unrest was concentrated in the soul.
The air-ship service was a relic form the former age. It
was kept up, because it was easier to keep it up than to
stop it or to diminish it, but it now far exceeded the wants
of the population. Vessel after vessel would rise form the
vomitories of Rye or of Christchurch (I use the antique
names), would sail into the crowded sky, and would draw up
at the wharves of the south--empty. so nicely adjusted
was the system, so independent of meteorology, that the sky,
whether calm or cloudy, resembled a vast kaleidoscope
whereon the same patterns periodically recurred. The ship
on which Vashti sailed started now at sunset, now at dawn.
But always, as it passed above Rheas, it would neighbour the
ship that served between Helsingfors and the Brazils, and,
every third time it surmounted the Alps, the fleet of
Palermo would cross its track behind. Night and day, wind
and storm, tide and earthquake, impeded man no longer. He
had harnessed Leviathan. All the old literature, with its
praise of Nature, and its fear of Nature, rang false as the
prattle of a child.
Yet as Vashti saw the vast flank of the ship, stained with
exposure to the outer air, her horror of direct experience
returned. It was not quite like the air-ship in the
cinematophote. For one thing it smelt--not strongly or
unpleasantly, but it did smell, and with her eyes shut she
should have known that a new thing was close to her. Then
she had to walk to it from the lift, had to submit to
glances form the other passengers. The man in front dropped
his Book--no great matter, but it disquieted them all. In
the rooms, if the Book was dropped, the floor raised it
mechanically, but the gangway to the air-ship was not so
prepared, and the sacred volume lay motionless. They
stopped--the thing was unforeseen--and the man, instead of
picking up his property, felt the muscles of his arm to see
how they had failed him. Then some one actually said with
direct utterance: "We shall be late"--and they trooped on
board, Vashti treading on the pages as she did so.
Inside, her anxiety increased. The arrangements were old-
fashioned and rough. There was even a female attendant, to
whom she would have to announce her wants during the voyage.
Of course a revolving platform ran the length of the boat,
but she was expected to walk from it to her cabin. Some
cabins were better than others, and she did not get the
best. She thought the attendant had been unfair, and
spasms of rage shook her. The glass valves had closed, she
could not go back. She saw, at the end of the vestibule,
the lift in which she had ascended going quietly up and
down, empty. Beneath those corridors of shining tiles were
rooms, tier below tier, reaching far into the earth, and in
each room there sat a human being, eating, or sleeping, or
producing ideas. And buried deep in the hive was her own
room. Vashti was afraid.
"O Machine!" she murmured, and caressed her Book, and was
comforted.
Then the sides of the vestibule seemed to melt together, as
do the passages that we see in dreams, the lift vanished ,
the Book that had been dropped slid to the left and
vanished, polished tiles rushed by like a stream of water,
there was a slight jar, and the air-ship, issuing from its
tunnel, soared above the waters of a tropical ocean.
It was night. For a moment she saw the coast of Sumatra
edged by the phosphorescence of waves, and crowned by
lighthouses, still sending forth their disregarded beams.
These also vanished, and only the stars distracted her.
They were not motionless, but swayed to and fro above her
head, thronging out of one sky-light into another, as if the
universe and not the air-ship was careening. And, as often
happens on clear nights, they seemed now to be in
perspective, now on a plane; now piled tier beyond tier into
the infinite heavens, now concealing infinity, a roof
limiting for ever the visions of men. In either case they
seemed intolerable. "Are we to travel in the dark?" called
the passengers angrily, and the attendant, who had been
careless, generated the light, and pulled down the blinds of
pliable metal. When the air-ships had been built, the
desire to look direct at things still lingered in the world.
Hence the extraordinary number of skylights and windows, and
the proportionate discomfort to those who were civilized and
refined. Even in Vashti's cabin one star peeped through a
flaw in the blind, and after a few hours' uneasy slumber, she
was disturbed by an unfamiliar glow, which was the dawn.
Quick as the ship had sped westwards, the earth had rolled
eastwards quicker still, and had dragged back Vashti and her
companions towards the sun. Science could prolong the
night, but only for a little, and those high hopes of
neutralizing the earth's diurnal revolution had passed,
together with hopes that were possibly higher. To "keep
pace with the sun," or even to outstrip it, had been the aim
of the civilization preceding this. Racing aeroplanes had
been built for the purpose, capable of enormous speed, and
steered by the greatest intellects of the epoch. Round the
globe they went, round and round, westward, westward, round
and round, amidst humanity's applause. In vain. The globe
went eastward quicker still, horrible accidents occurred,
and the Committee of the Machine, at the time rising into
prominence, declared the pursuit illegal, unmechanical, and
punishable by Homelessness.
Of Homelessness more will be said later.
Doubtless the Committee was right. Yet the attempt to
"defeat the sun" aroused the last common interest that our
race experienced about the heavenly bodies, or indeed about
anything. It was the last time that men were compacted by
thinking of a power outside the world. The sun had
conquered, yet it was the end of his spiritual dominion.
Dawn, midday, twilight, the zodiacal path, touched neither
men"s lives not their hearts, and science retreated into the
ground, to concentrate herself upon problems that she was
certain of solving.
So when Vashti found her cabin invaded by a rosy finger of
light, she was annoyed, and tried to adjust the blind. But
the blind flew up altogether, and she saw through the
skylight small pink clouds, swaying against a background of
blue, and as the sun crept higher, its radiance entered
direct, brimming down the wall, like a golden sea. It rose
and fell with the air-ship's motion, just as waves rise and
fall, but it advanced steadily, as a tide advances. Unless
she was careful, it would strike her face. A spasm of
horror shook her and she rang for the attendant. The
attendant too was horrified, but she could do nothing; it
was not her place to mend the blind. She could only suggest
that the lady should change her cabin, which she accordingly
prepared to do.
People were almost exactly alike all over the world, but the
attendant of the air-ship, perhaps owing to her exceptional
duties, had grown a little out of the common. She had often
to address passengers with direct speech, and this had given
her a certain roughness and originality of manner. When
Vashti served away form the sunbeams with a cry, she behaved
barbarically--she put out her hand to steady her.
"How dare you!" exclaimed the passenger. "You forget
yourself!"
The woman was confused, and apologized for not having let
her fall. People never touched one another. The custom had
become obsolete, owing to the Machine.
"Where are we now?" asked Vashti haughtily.
"We are over Asia," said the attendant, anxious to be
polite.
"Asia?"
"You must excuse my common way of speaking. I have got into
the habit of calling places over which I pass by their
unmechanical names."
"Oh, I remember Asia. The Mongols came from it."
"Beneath us, in the open air, stood a city that was once
called Simla."
"Have you ever heard of the Mongols and of the Brisbane
school?"
"No."
"Brisbane also stood in the open air."
"Those mountains to the right--let me show you them." She
pushed back a metal blind. The main chain of the Himalayas
was revealed. "They were once called the Roof of the World,
those mountains."
"You must remember that, before the dawn of civilization,
they seemed to be an impenetrable wall that touched the
stars. It was supposed that no one but the gods could exist
above their summits. How we have advanced, thanks to the
Machine!"
"How we have advanced, thanks to the Machine!" said
Vashti.
"How we have advanced, thanks to the Machine!" echoed the
passenger who had dropped his Book the night before, and who
was standing in the passage.
"And that white stuff in the cracks?--what is it?"
"I have forgotten its name."
"Cover the window, please. These mountains give me no
ideas."
The northern aspect of the Himalayas was in deep shadow: on
the Indian slope the sun had just prevailed. The forests
had been destroyed during the literature epoch for the
purpose of making newspaper-pulp, but the snows were
awakening to their morning glory, and clouds still hung on
the breasts of Kinchinjunga. In the plain were seen the
ruins of cities, with diminished rivers creeping by their
walls, and by the sides of these were sometimes the signs of
vomitories, marking the cities of to day. Over the whole
prospect air-ships rushed, crossing the inter-crossing with
incredible aplomb, and rising nonchalantly when they
desired to escape the perturbations of the lower atmosphere
and to traverse the Roof of the World.
"We have indeed advance, thanks to the Machine," repeated
the attendant, and his the Himalayas behind a metal
blind.
The day dragged wearily forward. The passengers sat each in
his cabin, avoiding one another with an almost physical
repulsion and longing to be once more under the surface of
the earth. There were eight or ten of them, mostly young
males, sent out from the public nurseries to inhabit the
rooms of those who had died in various parts of the earth.
The man who had dropped his Book was on the homeward
journey. He had been sent to Sumatra for the purpose of
propagating the race. Vashti alone was travelling by her
private will.
At midday she took a second glance at the earth. The air-
ship was crossing another range of mountains, but she could
see little, owing to clouds. Masses of black rock hovered
below her, and merged indistinctly into grey. Their shapes
were fantastic; one of them resembled a prostrate man.
"No ideas here," murmured Vashti, and hid the Caucasus
behind a metal blind.
In the evening she looked again. They were crossing a
golden sea, in which lay many small islands and one
peninsula. She repeated, "No ideas here," and hid Greece
behind a metal blind.
II THE MENDING APPARATUS
By a vestibule, by a lift, by a tubular
railway, by a platform, by a sliding door--by reversing all
the steps of her departure did Vashti arrive at her son"s
room, which exactly resembled her own. She might well
declare that the visit was superfluous. The buttons, the
knobs, the reading-desk with the Book, the temperature, the
atmosphere, the illumination--all were exactly the same.
And if Kuno himself, flesh of her flesh, stood close beside
her at last, what profit was there in that? She was too
well-bred to shake him by the hand.
Averting her eyes, she spoke as follows:
"Here I am. I have had the most terrible journey and
greatly retarded the development of my soul. It is not
worth it, Kuno, it is not worth it. My time is too
precious. The sunlight almost touched me, and I have met
with the rudest people. I can only stop a few minutes. Say
what you want to say, and then I must return."
"I have been threatened with Homelessness," said Kuno.
She looked at him now.
"I have been threatened with Homelessness, and I could not
tell you such a thing through the Machine."
Homelessness means death. The victim is exposed to the air,
which kills him.
"I have been outside since I spoke to you last. The
tremendous thing has happened, and they have discovered
me."
"But why shouldn't you go outside?" she exclaimed, "It is
perfectly legal, perfectly mechanical, to visit the surface
of the earth. I have lately been to a lecture on the sea;
there is no objection to that; one simply summons a
respirator and gets an Egression-permit. It is not the kind
of thing that spiritually minded people do, and I begged you
not to do it, but there is no legal objection to it."
"I did not get an Egression-permit."
"Then how did you get out?"
"I found out a way of my own."
The phrase conveyed no meaning to her, and he had to repeat
it.
"A way of your own?" she whispered. "But that would be
wrong."
"Why?"
The question shocked her beyond measure.
"You are beginning to worship the Machine," he said
coldly.
"You think it irreligious of me to have found out a way of
my own. It was just what the Committee thought, when they
threatened me with Homelessness."
At this she grew angry. "I worship nothing!" she cried. "I
am most advanced. I don't think you irreligious, for there
is no such thing as religion left. All the fear and the
superstition that existed once have been destroyed by the
Machine. I only meant that to find out a way of your own
was---Besides, there is no new way out."
"So it is always supposed."
"Except through the vomitories, for which one must have an
Egression-permit, it is impossible to get out. The Book
says so."
"Well, the Book's wrong, for I have been out on my feet."
For Kuno was possessed of a certain physical strength.
By these days it was a demerit to be muscular. Each infant
was examined at birth, and all who promised undue strength
were destroyed. Humanitarians may protest, but it would
have been no true kindness to let an athlete live; he would
never have been happy in that state of life to which the
Machine had called him; he would have yearned for trees to
climb, rivers to bathe in, meadows and hills against which
he might measure his body. Man must be adapted to his
surroundings, must he not? In the dawn of the world our
weakly must be exposed on Mount Taygetus, in its twilight
our strong will suffer euthanasia, that the Machine may
progress, that the Machine may progress, that the Machine
may progress eternally.
"You know that we have lost the sense of space. We say
'space is annihilated,' but we have annihilated not space,
but the sense thereof. We have lost a part of ourselves. I
determined to recover it, and I began by walking up and down
the platform of the railway outside my room. Up and down,
until I was tired, and so did recapture the meaning of
'Near' and 'Far'. 'Near' is a place to which I can get
quickly on my feet, not a place to which the train or the
air-ship will take me quickly. 'Far' is a place to which I
cannot get quickly on my feet; the vomitory is 'far,' though
I could be there in thirty-eight seconds by summoning the
train. Man is the measure. That was my first lesson.
Man's feet are the measure for distance, his hands are the
measure for ownership, his body is the measure for all that
is lovable and desirable and strong. Then I went further:
it was then that I called to you for the first time, and you
would not come.
"This city, as you know, is built deep beneath the surface
of the earth, with only the vomitories protruding. Having
paced the platform outside my own room, I took the lift to
the next platform and paced that also, and so with each in
turn, until I came to the topmost, above which begins the
earth. All the platforms were exactly alike, and all that I
gained by visiting them was to develop my sense of space and
my muscles. I think I should have been content with this--it
is not a little thing,--but as I walked and brooded, it
occurred to me that our cities had been built in the days
when men still breathed the outer air, and that there had
been ventilation shafts for the workmen. I could think of
nothing but these ventilation shafts. Had they been
destroyed by all the food-tubes and medicine-tubes and music-
tubes that the Machine has evolved lately? Or did traces of
them remain? One thing was certain. If I came upon them
anywhere, it would be in the railway-tunnels of the topmost
storey. Everywhere else, all space was accounted for.
"I am telling my story quickly, but don't think that I was
not a coward or that your answers never depressed me. It is
not the proper thing, it is not mechanical, it is not decent
to walk along a railway-tunnel. I did not fear that I might
tread upon a live rail and be killed. I feared something
far more intangible-doing what was not contemplated by the
Machine. Then I said to myself, 'Man is the measure,' and I
went, and after many visits I found an opening.
"The tunnels, of course, were lighted. Everything is light,
artificial light; darkness is the exception. So when I saw
a black gap in the tiles, I knew that it was an exception,
and rejoiced. I put in my arm--I could put in no more at
first--and waved it round and round in ecstasy. I loosened
another tile, and put in my head, and shouted into the
darkness: 'I am coming, I shall do it yet,' and my voice
reverberated down endless passages. I seemed to hear the
spirits of those dead workmen who had returned each evening
to the starlight and to their wives, and all the generations
who had lived in the open air called back to me, 'You will
do it yet, you are coming,'"
He paused, and, absurd as he was, his last words moved
her.
For Kuno had lately asked to be a father, and his request
had been refused by the Committee. His was not a type that
the Machine desired to hand on.
"Then a train passed. It brushed by me, but I thrust my
head and arms into the hole. I had done enough for one day,
so I crawled back to the platform, went down in the lift,
and summoned my bed. Ah what dreams! And again I called
you, and again you refused."
She shook her head and said:
"Don"t. Don"t talk of these terrible things. You make me
miserable. You are throwing civilization away."
"But I had got back the sense of space and a man cannot rest
then. I determined to get in at the hole and climb the
shaft. And so I exercised my arms. Day after day I went
through ridiculous movements, until my flesh ached, and I
could hang by my hands and hold the pillow of my bed
outstretched for many minutes. Then I summoned a
respirator, and started.
"It was easy at first. The mortar had somehow rotted, and I
soon pushed some more tiles in, and clambered after them
into the darkness, and the spirits of the dead comforted me.
I don't know what I mean by that. I just say what I felt.
I felt, for the first time, that a protest had been lodged
against corruption, and that even as the dead were
comforting me, so I was comforting the unborn. I felt that
humanity existed, and that it existed without clothes. How
can I possibly explain this? It was naked, humanity seemed
naked, and all these tubes and buttons and machineries
neither came into the world with us, nor will they follow us
out, nor do they matter supremely while we are here. Had I
been strong, I would have torn off every garment I had, and
gone out into the outer air unswaddled. But this is not for
me, nor perhaps for my generation. I climbed with my
respirator and my hygienic clothes and my dietetic tabloids!
Better thus than not at all.
"There was a ladder, made of some primeval metal. The light
from the railway fell upon its lowest rungs, and I saw that
it led straight upwards out of the rubble at the bottom of
the shaft. Perhaps our ancestors ran up and down it a dozen
times daily, in their building. As I climbed, the rough
edges cut through my gloves so that my hands bled. The
light helped me for a little, and then came darkness and,
worse still, silence which pierced my ears like a sword.
The Machine hums! Did you know that? Its hum penetrates
our blood, and may even guide our thoughts. Who knows! I
was getting beyond its power. Then I thought: 'This silence
means that I am doing wrong.' But I heard voices in the
silence, and again they strengthened me." He laughed. "I
had need of them. The next moment I cracked my head against
something."
She sighed.
"I had reached one of those pneumatic stoppers that defend
us from the outer air. You may have noticed them no the air-
ship. Pitch dark, my feet on the rungs of an invisible
ladder, my hands cut; I cannot explain how I lived through
this part, but the voices till comforted me, and I felt for
fastenings. The stopper, I suppose, was about eight feet
across. I passed my hand over it as far as I could reach.
It was perfectly smooth. I felt it almost to the centre.
Not quite to the centre, for my arm was too short. Then the
voice said: 'Jump. It is worth it. There may be a handle
in the centre, and you may catch hold of it and so come to
us your own way. And if there is no handle, so that you may
fall and are dashed to pieces - it is till worth it: you
will still come to us your own way.' So I jumped. There was
a handle, and---"
He paused. Tears gathered in his mother's eyes. She knew
that he was fated. If he did not die today he would die
tomorrow. There was not room for such a person in the
world. And with her pity disgust mingled. She was ashamed
at having borne such a son, she who had always been so
respectable and so full of ideas. Was he really the little
boy to whom she had taught the use of his stops and buttons,
and to whom she had given his first lessons in the Book?
The very hair that disfigured his lip showed that he was
reverting to some savage type. On atavism the Machine can
have no mercy.
"There was a handle, and I did catch it. I hung tranced
over the darkness and heard the hum of these workings as the
last whisper in a dying dream. All the things I had cared
about and all the people I had spoken to through tubes
appeared infinitely little. Meanwhile the handle revolved.
My weight had set something in motion and I span slowly, and
then---
"I cannot describe it. I was lying with my face to the
sunshine. Blood poured from my nose and ears and I heard a
tremendous roaring. The stopper, with me clinging to it,
had simply been blown out of the earth, and the air that we
make down here was escaping through the vent into the air
above. It burst up like a fountain. I crawled back to it--for
the upper air hurts--and, as it were, I took great sips
from the edge. My respirator had flown goodness knows here,
my clothes were torn. I just lay with my lips close to the
hole, and I sipped until the bleeding stopped. You can
imagine nothing so curious. This hollow in the grass--I
will speak of it in a minute,--the sun shining into it, not
brilliantly but through marbled clouds,--the peace, the
nonchalance, the sense of space, and, brushing my cheek, the
roaring fountain of our artificial air! Soon I spied my
respirator, bobbing up and down in the current high above my
head, and higher still were many air-ships. But no one ever
looks out of air-ships, and in any case they could not have
picked me up. There I was, stranded. The sun shone a
little way down the shaft, and revealed the topmost rung of
the ladder, but it was hopeless trying to reach it. I
should either have been tossed up again by the escape, or
else have fallen in, and died. I could only lie on the
grass, sipping and sipping, and from time to time glancing
around me.
"I knew that I was in Wessex, for I had taken care to go to
a lecture on the subject before starting. Wessex lies above
the room in which we are talking now. It was once an
important state. Its kings held all the southern coast form
the Andredswald to Cornwall, while the Wansdyke protected
them on the north, running over the high ground. The
lecturer was only concerned with the rise of Wessex, so I do
not know how long it remained an international power, nor
would the knowledge have assisted me. To tell the truth I
could do nothing but laugh, during this part. There was I,
with a pneumatic stopper by my side and a respirator bobbing
over my head, imprisoned, all three of us, in a grass-grown
hollow that was edged with fern."
Then he grew grave again.
"Lucky for me that it was a hollow. For the air began to
fall back into it and to fill it as water fills a bowl. I
could crawl about. Presently I stood. I breathed a
mixture, in which the air that hurts predominated whenever I
tried to climb the sides. This was not so bad. I had not
lost my tabloids and remained ridiculously cheerful, and as
for the Machine, I forgot about it altogether. My one aim
now was to get to the top, where the ferns were, and to view
whatever objects lay beyond.
"I rushed the slope. The new air was still too bitter for
me and I came rolling back, after a momentary vision of
something grey. The sun grew very feeble, and I remembered
that he was in Scorpio--I had been to a lecture on that
too. If the sun is in Scorpio, and you are in Wessex, it
means that you must be as quick as you can, or it will get
too dark. (This is the first bit of useful information I
have ever got from a lecture, and I expect it will be the
last.) It made me try frantically to breathe the new air,
and to advance as far as I dared out of my pond. The hollow
filled so slowly. At times I thought that the fountain
played with less vigour. My respirator seemed to dance
nearer the earth; the roar was decreasing."
He broke off.
"I don"t think this is interesting you. The rest will
interest you even less. There are no ideas in it, and I
wish that I had not troubled you to come. We are too
different, mother."
She told him to continue.
"It was evening before I climbed the bank. The sun had very
nearly slipped out of the sky by this time, and I could not
get a good view. You, who have just crossed the Roof of the
World, will not want to hear an account of the little hills
that I saw--low colourless hills. But to me they were
living and the turf that covered them was a skin, under
which their muscles rippled, and I felt that those hills had
called with incalculable force to men in the past, and that
men had loved them. Now they sleep--perhaps for ever.
They commune with humanity in dreams. Happy the man, happy
the woman, who awakes the hills of Wessex. For though they
sleep, they will never die."
His voice rose passionately.
"Cannot you see, cannot all you lecturers see, that it is we
that are dying, and that down here the only thing that
really lives in the Machine? We created the Machine, to do
our will, but we cannot make it do our will now. It has
robbed us of the sense of space and of the sense of touch,
it has blurred every human relation and narrowed down love
to a carnal act, it has paralysed our bodies and our wills,
and now it compels us to worship it. The Machine develops--but
not our lives. The Machine proceeds--but not to our
goal. We only exist as the blood corpuscles that course
through its arteries, and if it could work without us, it
would let us die. Oh, I have no remedy--or, at least, only
one--to tell men again and again that I have seen the hills
of Wessex as Alfrid saw them when he overthrew the Danes.
"So the sun set. I forgot to mention that a belt of mist
lay between my hill and other hills, and that it was the
colour of pearl."
He broke off for the second time.
"Go on," said his mother wearily.
He shook his head.
"Go on. Nothing that you say can distress me now. I am
hardened."
"I had meant to tell you the rest, but I cannot: I know that
I cannot: good-bye."
Vashti stood irresolute. All her nerves were tingling with
his blasphemies. But she was also inquisitive.
"This is unfair," she complained. "You have called me
across the world to hear your story, and hear it I will.
Tell me--as briefly as possible, for this is a disastrous
waste of time--tell me how you returned to civilization."
"Oh--that!" he said, starting. "You would like to hear
about civilization. Certainly. Had I got to where my
respirator fell down?"
"No--but I understand everything now. You put on your
respirator, and managed to walk along the surface of the
earth to a vomitory, and there your conduct was reported to
the Central Committee."
"By no means."
He passed his hand over his forehead, as if dispelling some
strong impression. Then, resuming his narrative, he warmed
to it again.
"My respirator fell about sunset. I had mentioned that the
fountain seemed feebler, had I not?"
"Yes."
"About sunset, it let the respirator fall. As I said, I had
entirely forgotten about the Machine, and I paid no great
attention at the time, being occupied with other things. I
had my pool of air, into which I could dip when the outer
keenness became intolerable, and which would possibly remain
for days, provided that no wind sprang up to disperse it.
Not until it was too late did I realize what the stoppage of
the escape implied. You see--the gap in the tunnel had
been mended; the Mending Apparatus; the Mending Apparatus,
was after me.
"One other warning I had, but I neglected it. The sky at
night was clearer than it had been in the day, and the moon,
which was about half the sky behind the sun, shone into the
dell at moments quite brightly. I was in my usual place--on
the boundary between the two atmospheres--when I thought
I saw something dark move across the bottom of the dell, and
vanish into the shaft. In my folly, I ran down. I bent
over and listened, and I thought I heard a faint scraping
noise in the depths.
"At this--but it was too late--I took alarm. I determined
to put on my respirator and to walk right out of the dell.
But my respirator had gone. I knew exactly where it had
fallen--between the stopper and the aperture--and I could
even feel the mark that it had made in the turf. It had
gone, and I realized that something evil was at work, and I
had better escape to the other air, and, if I must die, die
running towards the cloud that had been the colour of a
pearl. I never started. Out of the shaft--it is too
horrible. A worm, a long white worm, had crawled out of the
shaft and gliding over the moonlit grass.
"I screamed. I did everything that I should not have done,
I stamped upon the creature instead of flying from it, and
it at once curled round the ankle. Then we fought. The
worm let me run all over the dell, but edged up my leg as I
ran. 'Help!' I cried. (That part is too awful. It belongs
to the part that you will never know.) 'Help!' I cried. (Why
cannot we suffer in silence?) 'Help!' I cried. When my feet
were wound together, I fell, I was dragged away from the
dear ferns and the living hills, and past the great metal
stopper (I can tell you this part), and I thought it might
save me again if I caught hold of the handle. It also was
enwrapped, it also. Oh, the whole dell was full of the
things. They were searching it in all directions, they were
denuding it, and the white snouts of others peeped out of
the hole, ready if needed. Everything that could be moved
they brought--brushwood, bundles of fern, everything, and
down we all went intertwined into hell. The last things
that I saw, ere the stopper closed after us, were certain
stars, and I felt that a man of my sort lived in the sky.
For I did fight, I fought till the very end, and it was only
my head hitting against the ladder that quieted me. I woke
up in this room. The worms had vanished. I was surrounded
by artificial air, artificial light, artificial peace, and
my friends were calling to me down speaking-tubes to know
whether I had come across any new ideas lately."
Here his story ended. Discussion of it was impossible, and
Vashti turned to go.
"It will end in Homelessness," she said quietly.
"I wish it would," retorted Kuno.
"The Machine has been most merciful."
"I prefer the mercy of God."
"By that superstitious phrase, do you mean that you could
live in the outer air?"
"Yes."
"Have you ever seen, round the vomitories, the bones of
those who were extruded after the Great Rebellion?"
"Yes."
"They were left where they perished for our edification. A
few crawled away, but they perished, too--who can doubt it?
And so with the Homeless of our own day. The surface of the
earth supports life no longer."
"Indeed."
"Ferns and a little grass may survive, but all higher forms
have perished. Has any air-ship detected them?"
"No."
"Has any lecturer dealt with them?"
"No."
"Then why this obstinacy?"
"Because I have seen them," he exploded.
"Seen what?"
"Because I have seen her in the twilight--because she came
to my help when I called--because she, too, was entangled
by the worms, and, luckier than I, was killed by one of them
piercing her throat."
He was mad. Vashti departed, nor, in the troubles that
followed, did she ever see his face again.
III THE HOMELESS
During the years that followed Kuno's
escapade, two important developments took place in the
Machine. On the surface they were revolutionary, but in
either case men's minds had been prepared beforehand, and
they did but express tendencies that were latent already.
The first of these was the abolition of respirator.
Advanced thinkers, like Vashti, had always held it foolish
to visit the surface of the earth. Air-ships might be
necessary, but what was the good of going out for mere
curiosity and crawling along for a mile or two in a
terrestrial motor? The habit was vulgar and perhaps faintly
improper: it was unproductive of ideas, and had no
connection with the habits that really mattered. So
respirators were abolished, and with them, of course, the
terrestrial motors, and except for a few lecturers, who
complained that they were debarred access to their subject-
matter, the development was accepted quietly. Those who
still wanted to know what the earth was like had after all
only to listen to some gramophone, or to look into some
cinematophote. And even the lecturers acquiesced when they
found that a lecture on the sea was none the less
stimulating when compiled out of other lectures that had
already been delivered on the same subject. "Beware of first-
hand ideas!" exclaimed one of the most advanced of them.
"First-hand ideas do not really exist. They are but the
physical impressions produced by live and fear, and on this
gross foundation who could erect a philosophy? Let your
ideas be second-hand, and if possible tenth-hand, for then
they will be far removed from that disturbing element -
direct observation. Do not learn anything about this
subject of mine--the French Revolution. Learn instead what
I think that Enicharmon thought Urizen thought Gutch thought
Ho-Yung thought Chi-Bo-Sing thought LafcadioHearn thought
Carlyle thought Mirabeau said about the French Revolution.
Through the medium of these ten great minds, the blood that
was shed at Paris and the windows that were broken at
Versailles will be clarified to an idea which you may employ
most profitably in your daily lives. But be sure that the
intermediates are many and varied, for in history one
authority exists to counteract another. Urizen must
counteract the scepticism of Ho-Yung and Enicharmon, I must
myself counteract the impetuosity of Gutch. You who listen
to me are in a better position to judge about the French
Revolution than I am. Your descendants will be even in a
better position than you, for they will learn what you think
I think, and yet another intermediate will be added to the
chain. And in time"--his voice rose--"there will come a
generation that had got beyond facts, beyond impressions, a
generation absolutely colourless, a generation
seraphically free
From taint of personality
which will see the French Revolution not as it happened, nor
as they would like it to have happened, but as it would have
happened, had it taken place in the days of the Machine."
Tremendous applause greeted this lecture, which did but
voice a feeling already latent in the minds of men--a
feeling that terrestrial facts must be ignored, and that the
abolition of respirators was a positive gain. It was even
suggested that air-ships should be abolished too. This was
not done, because air-ships had somehow worked themselves
into the Machine's system. But year by year they were used
less, and mentioned less by thoughtful men.
The second great development was the re-establishment of
religion.
This, too, had been voiced in the celebrated lecture. No
one could mistake the reverent tone in which the peroration
had concluded, and it awakened a responsive echo in the
heart of each. Those who had long worshipped silently, now
began to talk. They described the strange feeling of peace
that came over them when they handled the Book of the
Machine, the pleasure that it was to repeat certain numerals
out of it, however little meaning those numerals conveyed to
the outward ear, the ecstasy of touching a button, however
unimportant, or of ringing an electric bell, however
superfluously.
"The Machine," they exclaimed, "feeds us and clothes us and
houses us; through it we speak to one another, through it we
see one another, in it we have our being. The Machine is
the friend of ideas and the enemy of superstition: the
Machine is omnipotent, eternal; blessed is the Machine."
And before long this allocution was printed on the first
page of the Book, and in subsequent editions the ritual
swelled into a complicated system of praise and prayer. The
word 'religion' was sedulously avoided, and in theory the
Machine was still the creation and the implement of man.
but in practice all, save a few retrogrades, worshipped it
as divine. Nor was it worshipped in unity. One believer
would be chiefly impressed by the blue optic plates, through
which he saw other believers; another by the mending
apparatus, which sinful Kuno had compared to worms; another
by the lifts, another by the Book. And each would pray to
this or to that, and ask it to intercede for him with the
Machine as a whole. Persecution--that also was present.
It did not break out, for reasons that will be set forward
shortly. But it was latent, and all who did not accept the
minimum known as 'undenominational Mechanism' lived in
danger of Homelessness, which means death, as we know.
To attribute these two great developments to the Central
Committee, is to take a very narrow view of civilization.
The Central Committee announced the developments, it is
true, but they were no more the cause of them than were the
kings of the imperialistic period the cause of war. Rather
did they yield to some invincible pressure, which came no
one knew whither, and which, when gratified, was succeeded
by some new pressure equally invincible. To such a state of
affairs it is convenient to give the name of progress. No
one confessed the Machine was out of hand. Year by year it
was served with increased efficiency and decreased
intelligence. The better a man knew his own duties upon it,
the less he understood the duties of his neighbour, and in
all the world there was not one who understood the monster
as a whole. Those master brains had perished. They had
left full directions, it is true, and their successors had
each of them mastered a portion of those directions. But
Humanity, in its desire for comfort, had over-reached
itself. It had exploited the riches of nature too far.
Quietly and complacently, it was sinking into decadence, and
progress had come to mean the progress of the Machine.
As for Vashti, her life went peacefully forward until the
final disaster. She made her room dark and slept; she awoke
and made the room light. She lectured and attended
lectures. She exchanged ideas with her innumerable friends
and believed she was growing more spiritual. At times a
friend was granted Euthanasia, and left his or her room for
the homelessness that is beyond all human conception.
Vashti did not much mind. After an unsuccessful lecture,
she would sometimes ask for Euthanasia herself. But the
death-rate was not permitted to exceed the birth-rate, and
the Machine had hitherto refused it to her.
The troubles began quietly, long before she was conscious of
them.
One day she was astonished at receiving a message from her
son. They never communicated, having nothing in common, and
she had only heard indirectly that he was still alive, and
had been transferred from the northern hemisphere, where he
had behaved so mischievously, to the southern--indeed, to a
room not far from her own.
"Does he want me to visit him?" she thought. "Never again,
never. And I have not the time."
No, it was madness of another kind.
He refused to visualize his face upon the blue plate, and
speaking out of the darkness with solemnity said:
"The Machine stops."
"What do you say?"
"The Machine is stopping, I know it, I know the signs."
She burst into a peal of laughter. He heard her and was
angry, and they spoke no more.
"Can you imagine anything more absurd?" she cried to a
friend. "A man who was my son believes that the Machine is
stopping. It would be impious if it was not mad."
"The Machine is stopping?" her friend replied. "What does
that mean? The phrase conveys nothing to me."
"Nor to me."
"He does not refer, I suppose, to the trouble there has been
lately with the music?"
"Oh no, of course not. Let us talk about music."
"Have you complained to the authorities?"
"Yes, and they say it wants mending, and referred me to the
Committee of the Mending Apparatus. I complained of those
curious gasping sighs that disfigure the symphonies of the
Brisbane school. They sound like some one in pain. The
Committee of the Mending Apparatus say that it shall be
remedied shortly."
Obscurely worried, she resumed her life. For one thing, the
defect in the music irritated her. For another thing, she
could not forget Kuno's speech. If he had known that the
music was out of repair--he could not know it, for he
detested music--if he had known that it was wrong, 'the
Machine stops' was exactly the venomous sort of remark he
would have made. Of course he had made it at a venture, but
the coincidence annoyed her, and she spoke with some
petulance to the Committee of the Mending Apparatus.
They replied, as before, that the defect would be set right
shortly.
"Shortly! At once!" she retorted. "Why should I be worried
by imperfect music? Things are always put right at once.
If you do not mend it at once, I shall complain to the
Central Committee."
"No personal complaints are received by the Central
Committee," the Committee of the Mending Apparatus
replied.
"Through whom am I to make my complaint, then?"
"Through us."
"I complain then."
"Your complaint shall be forwarded in its turn."
"Have others complained?"
This question was unmechanical, and the Committee of the
Mending Apparatus refused to answer it.
"It is too bad!" she exclaimed to another of her
friends.
"There never was such an unfortunate woman as myself. I can
never be sure of my music now. It gets worse and worse each
time I summon it."
"What is it?"
"I do not know whether it is inside my head, or inside the
wall."
"Complain, in either case."
"I have complained, and my complaint will be forwarded in
its turn to the Central Committee."
Time passed, and they resented the defects no longer. The
defects had not been remedied, but the human tissues in that
latter day had become so subservient, that they readily
adapted themselves to every caprice of the Machine. The
sigh at the crises of the Brisbane symphony no longer
irritated Vashti; she accepted it as part of the melody.
The jarring noise, whether in the head or in the wall, was
no longer resented by her friend. And so with the mouldy
artificial fruit, so with the bath water that began to
stink, so with the defective rhymes that the poetry machine
had taken to emit. All were bitterly complained of at
first, and then acquiesced in and forgotten. Things went
from bad to worse unchallenged.
It was otherwise with the failure of the sleeping apparatus.
That was a more serious stoppage. There came a day when
over the whole world--in Sumatra, in Wessex, in the
innumerable cities of Courland and Brazil--the beds, when
summoned by their tired owners, failed to appear. It may
seem a ludicrous matter, but from it we may date the
collapse of humanity. The Committee responsible for the
failure was assailed by complainants, whom it referred, as
usual, to the Committee of the Mending Apparatus, who in its
turn assured them that their complaints would be forwarded
to the Central Committee. But the discontent grew, for
mankind was not yet sufficiently adaptable to do without
sleeping.
"Some one is meddling with the Machine---" they began.
"Some one is trying to make himself king, to reintroduce the
personal element."
"Punish that man with Homelessness."
"To the rescue! Avenge the Machine! Avenge the Machine!"
"War! Kill the man!"
But the Committee of the Mending Apparatus now came forward,
and allayed the panic with well-chosen words. It confessed
that the Mending Apparatus was itself in need of repair.
The effect of this frank confession was admirable.
"Of course," said a famous lecturer--he of the French
Revolution, who gilded each new decay with splendour--"of
course we shall not press our complaints now. The Mending
Apparatus has treated us so well in the past that we all
sympathize with it, and will wait patiently for its
recovery. In its own good time it will resume its duties.
Meanwhile let us do without our beds, our tabloids, our
other little wants. Such, I feel sure, would be the wish of
the Machine."
Thousands of miles away his audience applauded. The Machine
still linked them. Under the seas, beneath the roots of the
mountains, ran the wires through which they saw and heard,
the enormous eyes and ears that were their heritage, and the
hum of many workings clothed their thoughts in one garment
of subserviency. Only the old and the sick remained
ungrateful, for it was rumoured that Euthanasia, too, was
out of order, and that pain had reappeared among men.
It became difficult to read. A blight entered the
atmosphere and dulled its luminosity. At times Vashti could
scarcely see across her room. The air, too, was foul. Loud
were the complaints, impotent the remedies, heroic the tone
of the lecturer as he cried: "Courage! courage! What matter
so long as the Machine goes on ? To it the darkness and the
light are one." And though things improved again after a
time, the old brilliancy was never recaptured, and humanity
never recovered from its entrance into twilight. There was
an hysterical talk of 'measures,' of 'provisional
dictatorship,' and the inhabitants of Sumatra were asked to
familiarize themselves with the workings of the central
power station, the said power station being situated in
France. But for the most part panic reigned, and men spent
their strength praying to their Books, tangible proofs of
the Machine"s omnipotence. There were gradations of terror-
at times came rumours of hope-the Mending Apparatus was
almost mended-the enemies of the Machine had been got under-
new 'nerve-centres' were evolving which would do the work
even more magnificently than before. But there came a day
when, without the slightest warning, without any previous
hint of feebleness, the entire communication-system broke
down, all over the world, and the world, as they understood
it, ended.
Vashti was lecturing at the time and her earlier remarks had
been punctuated with applause. As she proceeded the
audience became silent, and at the conclusion there was no
sound. Somewhat displeased, she called to a friend who was
a specialist in sympathy. No sound: doubtless the friend
was sleeping. And so with the next friend whom she tried to
summon, and so with the next, until she remembered Kuno's
cryptic remark, "The Machine stops".
The phrase still conveyed nothing. If Eternity was stopping
it would of course be set going shortly.
For example, there was still a little light and air--the
atmosphere had improved a few hours previously. There was
still the Book, and while there was the Book there was
security.
Then she broke down, for with the cessation of activity came
an unexpected terror--silence.
She had never known silence, and the coming of it nearly
killed her--it did kill many thousands of people outright.
Ever since her birth she had been surrounded by the steady
hum. It was to the ear what artificial air was to the
lungs, and agonizing pains shot across her head. And
scarcely knowing what she did, she stumbled forward and
pressed the unfamiliar button, the one that opened the door
of her cell.
Now the door of the cell worked on a simple hinge of its
own. It was not connected with the central power station,
dying far away in France. It opened, rousing immoderate
hopes in Vashti, for she thought that the Machine had been
mended. It opened, and she saw the dim tunnel that curved
far away towards freedom. One look, and then she shrank
back. For the tunnel was full of people--she was almost
the last in that city to have taken alarm.
People at any time repelled her, and these were nightmares
from her worst dreams. People were crawling about, people
were screaming, whimpering, gasping for breath, touching
each other, vanishing in the dark, and ever and anon being
pushed off the platform on to the live rail. Some were
fighting round the electric bells, trying to summon trains
which could not be summoned. Others were yelling for
Euthanasia or for respirators, or blaspheming the Machine.
Others stood at the doors of their cells fearing, like
herself, either to stop in them or to leave them. And
behind all the uproar was silence--the silence which is the
voice of the earth and of the generations who have gone.
No--it was worse than solitude. She closed the door again
and sat down to wait for the end. The disintegration went
on, accompanied by horrible cracks and rumbling. The valves
that restrained the Medical Apparatus must have weakened,
for it ruptured and hung hideously from the ceiling. The
floor heaved and fell and flung her from the chair. A tube
oozed towards her serpent fashion. And at last the final
horror approached--light began to ebb, and she knew that
civilization's long day was closing.
She whirled around, praying to be saved from this, at any
rate, kissing the Book, pressing button after button. The
uproar outside was increasing, and even penetrated the wall.
Slowly the brilliancy of her cell was dimmed, the
reflections faded from the metal switches. Now she could
not see the reading-stand, now not the Book, though she held
it in her hand. Light followed the flight of sound, air was
following light, and the original void returned to the
cavern from which it has so long been excluded. Vashti
continued to whirl, like the devotees of an earlier
religion, screaming, praying, striking at the buttons with
bleeding hands.
It was thus that she opened her prison and escaped--escaped
in the spirit: at least so it seems to me, ere my meditation
closes. That she escapes in the body--I cannot perceive
that. She struck, by chance, the switch that released the
door, and the rush of foul air on her skin, the loud
throbbing whispers in her ears, told her that she was facing
the tunnel again, and that tremendous platform on which she
had seen men fighting. They were not fighting now. Only
the whispers remained, and the little whimpering groans.
They were dying by hundreds out in the dark.
She burst into tears.
Tears answered her.
They wept for humanity, those two, not for themselves. They
could not bear that this should be the end. Ere silence was
completed their hearts were opened, and they knew what had
been important on the earth. Man, the flower of all flesh,
the noblest of all creatures visible, man who had once made
god in his image, and had mirrored his strength on the
constellations, beautiful naked man was dying, strangled in
the garments that he had woven. Century after century had
he toiled, and here was his reward. Truly the garment had
seemed heavenly at first, shot with colours of culture, sewn
with the threads of self-denial. And heavenly it had been
so long as man could shed it at will and live by the essence
that is his soul, and the essence, equally divine, that is
his body. The sin against the body--it was for that they
wept in chief; the centuries of wrong against the muscles
and the nerves, and those five portals by which we can alone
apprehend--glozing it over with talk of evolution, until
the body was white pap, the home of ideas as colourless,
last sloshy stirrings of a spirit that had grasped the
stars.
"Where are you?" she sobbed.
His voice in the darkness said, "Here."
Is there any hope, Kuno?"
"None for us."
"Where are you?"
She crawled over the bodies of the dead. His blood spurted
over her hands.
"Quicker," he gasped, "I am dying--but we touch, we talk,
not through the Machine."
He kissed her.
"We have come back to our own. We die, but we have
recaptured life, as it was in Wessex, when Alfrid overthrew
the Danes. We know what they know outside, they who dwelt
in the cloud that is the colour of a pearl."
"But Kuno, is it true? Are there still men on the surface
of the earth? Is this--tunnel, this poisoned darkness -
really not the end?"
He replied:
"I have seen them, spoken to them, loved them. They are
hiding in the midst and the ferns until our civilization
stops. Today they are the Homeless--tomorrow---"
"Oh, tomorrow--some fool will start the Machine again,
tomorrow."
"Never," said Kuno, "never. Humanity has learnt its
lesson."
As he spoke, the whole city was broken like a honeycomb. An
air-ship had sailed in through the vomitory into a ruined
wharf. It crashed downwards, exploding as it went, rending
gallery after gallery with its wings of steel. For a moment
they saw the nations of the dead, and, before they joined
them, scraps of the untainted sky.
"The Machine Stops" was first published in the Oxford and Cambridge Review in 1909
Copyright ©1947 E.M. Forster
Last Modification Date: 18 July 2004
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