Modern Cleaning Concept v Comité Paritaire: Franchisee, Employee or Both?
Can franchisees be legally considered employees of a franchisor? Prior to Modern Cleaning Concept v Comité Paritaire, 2019 SCC 28 [Modern Cleaning], we may have thought this possibility would be precluded by the business-to-business quality inherent to a franchise. However, in Modern Cleaning, the Supreme Court of Canada (“Court” or “SCC”) interprets Québec legislation to […]
R v RS: Considering Lived Realities in Self-Defence Claims
If an individual is hit in the head with a baseball bat and subsequently shoots and kills his attacker, were they acting in self-defence? What if the individual fired four shots in less than five seconds and did not know his attacker was running away? The Ontario Court of Appeal (“ONCA”) recently considered these facts […]
