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Gender Equality

Hansman v Neufeld: Speech Promoting Equality is More Equal

The Supreme Court of Canada (“the Court”) has recognized that expression promoting equality by countering harmful speech is worthy of heightened protection because of its relation to Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms [Charter] s. 15(1) values, which bring it closer to the core values animating s. 2(b). 

ONCA Advances Pay Equity Legislation Enforcement of Proxy Method in Ontario Nurses’ Association v Participating Nursing Homes

On March 9, 2021, the Ontario Court of Appeal (“ONCA”) ruled in favour of Ontario Nurses Association (“ONA”) and Service Employees International Union (“SEIU”) Local 1 on the pay equity case Ontario Nurses’ Association v Participating Nursing Homes, 2021 ONCA 148 [ONA v PNH]. The case was a judicial review of the Pay Equity Hearings […]

Quebec (AG) v Alliance. : Quebec’s Legislative Swing and Miss on Pay Equity Legislation

Introduction The fight for pay equity has recently made headlines both around the word and here at home. In early 2018, Iceland passed legislation mandating that companies of 25 or more employees must prove that women are being paid fairly in comparison with their male counterparts or risk penalties and fines. Closer to home, the […]

R v Barton: Do “Rape Shield” Laws Apply in First Degree Murder Cases?

Author's Note:  This article and the linked case discuss sexual violence and violence against women that may be upsetting to readers.   Introduction Myths and stereotypes about consent, women’s sexuality, and sexual assault are very much alive and well within criminal proceedings. In an attempt to mitigate the ill effects of these stereotypes, Parliament has enacted […]

Models Needed: Reviewing Prostitution Laws Since Canada v. Bedford

Nearly three years after the Supreme Court (“the Court”) issued its ground-breaking judgment in Canada (Attorney General) v. Bedford, 2013 SCC 72 [Bedford] and two years since the federal government passed Bill C-36, the Canadian polity remains mired in philosophic, moral, and political debate surrounding the acceptability of sex work. The Protection of Communities and […]

Quebec (Attorney General) v A—Much ado about saying “I do”

In a decision handed down on January 25th, 2013, the Supreme Court of Canada dealt with a Charter challenge to certain spousal support and property division articles in the Québec Civil Code. These provisions only applied to married or civil union spouses and it was argued that these provisions were unconstitutional under section 15(1) of […]

Friedmann v MacGarvie: Deconstructing Discrimination and Differential Treatment

On November 8th, the British Columbia Court of Appeal ("BCCA") released its decision in Friedmann v MacGarvie, 2012 BCCA 445 [Friedmann], stating that sexual harassment constitutes sex discrimination. While one might assume that this would be an obvious conclusion, the case is thought-provoking because of the role played by “differential treatment” in the discrimination analysis. The […]

If it's about pregnancy, it's about women: Ivana Levkovic v Her Majesty the Queen

On October 10th, 2012 the Supreme Court of Canada ("SCC") heard arguments in the case of Ivana Levkovic v Her Majesty the Queen. The next day, the SCC heard arguments in the case of Her Majesty the Queen v ADH. Both cases involved women who had left their foetuses after giving birth. In Levkovic, the […]