“The last clause of your second Position I like very well. Tis unconceivable that inanimate brute matter should (without the mediation of something else which is not material) operate upon & affect other matter without mutual contact; as it must if gravitation in the sense of Epicurus be essential & inherent in it. And this is one reason why I desired you would not ascribe {innate} gravity to me. That gravity should be innate inherent & {essential} to matter so that one body may act upon another at a distance through a vacuum without the mediation of any thing else by & through which their action or force {may} be conveyed from one to another is to me so great an absurdity that I beleive no man who has in philosophical matters any competent faculty of thinking can ever fall into it. Gravity must be caused by an agent {acting} consta{ntl}y according to certain laws, but whether this agent be material or immaterial is a question I have left to the consideration of my readers.”
From a letter written by Isaac Newton to Richard Bentley (February 25, 1692/93) where his disdain for “instantaneous action-at-a-distance” is clearly expressed.
Completely random stuff
- Who says taking physics isn’t useful – Toronto physics teacher has invented a new way for people to socialize safely – blogTO, May, 2021
- Einstein’s garden: translating physics into Blackfoot
- The Baloney Detection Kit – Carl Sagan’s rules for critical thinking offer cognitive fortification against propaganda, pseudoscience, and general falsehood.
- Diverse groups make better decisions – December, 2020
- Physics Lessons from the World of Music – November, 2020
- The Sound of Science
- From Post-it Notes to microwaves – why serendipity lies at the heart of innovation – May, 2020
- How Big Is Infinity – September, 2022
- The first 10,000 digits of pi
- Swiss researchers declare new record for exact pi figure – August, 2021
- A Supercomputer Just Calculated Pi to a Record-Breaking 62.8 Trillion Digits. So What?
- New mathematical record: what’s the point of calculating pi?
- Why Bother Calculating Pi to 62.8 Trillion Digits? It’s Both Useless and Fascinating
- Supercomputer Calculates Pi To A Record-Breaking 62.8 Trillion Digits
- Newton at the Art Gallery of Ontario
- Bust of Sir Isaac Newton by Benjamin Cheverton and Louis-Francois Roubiliac, early 19th century
- Bust of Sir Isaac Newton, Attributed to David Le Marchand, 1720-1725
- Portrait of Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727) by David Le Marchand, 1702-1710
Lectures and Tutorials
All chapter section numbers are from University Physics – Volume 1.
Simulations are from the University of Colorado’s PhET project.
- Lecture 1 – Wednesday, September 8 (12:30)
- Topics: Spacetime Coordinates, Symmetry/Invariance – Noether’s Theorem, Vectors
- Readings: Chapter (CH) 2 – except vector product (will be covered later)
- Miscellaneous Related Stuff
- Time
- Arrows of Time – A project on our understanding of time by Quanta Magazine.
- Keeping time with highly charged ions – November, 2022
- Chinese team syncs clocks over record distance using lasers – October, 2022
- From atomic to nuclear clocks – September, 2022
- Get Ready for the New, Improved Second – April, 2022
- Improving Clock Accuracy, Bronze Age Style – Augst, 2021
- Nanoscale clock hints at universal limits to measuring time – June, 2021
- The Period of the Universe’s Clock – June, 2020
- The Importance of Symmetry in Modern Physics
- March 23, 1882: Birth of Emmy Noether
- In her short life, mathematician Emmy Noether changed the face of physics
- Mathematician to know: Emmy Noether
- Fields and Symmetry – April, 2021
- Why symmetry matters – October, 2012
- The symmetry and simplicity of the laws of physics and the Higgs boson – July, 2015
- Why the Laws of Physics Are Inevitable – December, 2019
- The role of symmetry in fundamental physics – December, 1996
- The status of supersymmetry – January, 2021
- Electric-magnetic symmetry and Noether’s theorem – December, 2012
- December 27, 1956: Fall of Parity Conservation, The Fall of Parity
- CP violation’s early days – July, 2014
- Time
- Tutorial 1 – Thursday, September 9 (1:30)
- Topics: Labs and Experimental Uncertainties
- Readings: CH 1
- Miscellaneous Related Stuff
- Lab Introductory Information
- June, ca. 240 B.C. Eratosthenes Measures the Earth [Fighting flat-Earth theory – June, 2020]
- September 1904: Robert Wood debunks N-rays
- How particle detectors capture matter’s hidden, beautiful reality – August, 2021
- Precision measurement, scientific personalities and error budgets: the sine quibus non for big G determinations – Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 2014
- Stewpots and string: how scientists make do – from Nature, February, 2019
- Rounding errors could make certain stopwatches pick wrong race winners – July, 2021
- Not everything that can happen does happen – reformulating physics as laws about the impossible – June, 2021
- Do You Believe in Rectangles? – Physics Today, October, 2018
- Recent (2019) Redefinition of the Standard Units from Biophysics Miscellany
- Lecture 2 – Friday, September 10 (12:30)
- Topics: Velocity and acceleration
- Readings: CH 3.1-3.3, 3.6, 4.1-4.2, 4.5
- Miscellaneous Related Stuff
- Lecture 3 – Monday, September 13 (12:30)
- Topics: Newton’s Laws, Inertial/non-inertial frames
- Readings: CH 5.1-5.3, 5.5, 5.7; CH 9.1
- Newton’s Principia – The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy
- Newton’s Definitions and Laws – Course Lecture Note
- quote from Day 2 of Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems by Galileo Galilei (1632) – Course Lecture Note
- Miscellaneous Related Stuff
- Newton
- July 5, 1687: Publication of Sir Isaac Newton’s Principia
- Newton’s College Notebook from 1663-64 which is an example of scanned versions of his actual writings from Newton Papers – Cambridge Digital Library
- Christie’s to sell Isaac Newton’s notes for greatest work – June, 2021
- Newton’s Daunting Masterpiece Had a Surprisingly Wide Audience, Historians Find – NY Times, November, 2020
- Rare Isaac Newton manuscript discovered in Corsican library – March, 2020
- Isaac Newton and the perils of the financial South Sea
- March 16, 1699: William Chaloner, Counterfeiter, Hanged
- New definition of the kilogram comes into force – May, 2019
- Mass of the Proton
- Topological mechanical metamaterials go beyond Newton’s third law – November, 2020
- Ants make efficient excavators – September, 2021
- Newton
- Lecture 4 – Wednesday, September 15 (12:30)
- Topics: The Fundamental Forces of Nature, Gravity, The Equivalence Principle and General Relativity
- Readings: CH 5.4, 13.1-13.2, 13.7
- Miscellaneous Related Stuff
- Radiation and You
- How Gravity Is a Double Copy of Other Forces – May, 2021
- June 1798: Cavendish weighs the world
- Newton’s Apple Tree
- Newton’s Apple Trees for Sale – April, 2023
- Apple trees from Isaac Newton’s bring ‘magic’ to universities around the world , including UBC and York! – CTV News, December, 2018
– Rare “Newton’s Apple tree” bears fruit for first time – York yfile, October, 2005 - NRC trees thought to be descendants of Newton’s apple tree may be imposters – Globe and Mail, September, 2016
– Newton’s apples fall from grace – New Scientist, September, 1997 - Do You Live Near One of Newton’s Apple Trees? – Gastro Obscura, June, 2018
- A Brief History of Isaac Newton’s Apple Tree – this is from the physics department of the University of York in the UK!
- Visitors gravitate to Newton’s apple tree in Grantham – Aljazeera, April, 2018
- Newton’s apple tree still stands strong – Anadolu Agency, April, 2018
- Did an apple really fall on Isaac Newton’s head? – History Channel, November, 2015
- So What’s Going on with “big G“?
- From Big G to Extra Dimensions – Gravity Measurements Reported at the July, 2000, American Physics Society meeting
- The search for Newton’s constant – Physics Today, July, 2014
- Trouble with a Capital ‘G’ – NIST News, October, 2014
- Don’t stop the quest to measure Big G – Nature, January, 2014
- The curious case of the gravitational constant – PNAS, September, 2016
- Solving the mystery of the big G controversy – NIST, November, 2016
- Invited Review Article: Measurements of the Newtonian constant of gravitation, G – Review of Scientific Instruments, 2017
- Gravity measured with record precision – Nature, August, 2018
- Gravitational-constant mystery deepens with new precision measurements – August, 2018
- Progress in Precise Measurements of the Gravitational Constant – Annalen der Physik, April, 2019
- Towards a Better Determination of Big G – Muchuan Hua, APS April Meeting, 2020
- The Equivalence Principle and General Relativity
- How did Newton prove the equivalence principle with pendulums? – July, 2017 (edited March, 2019)
- The Apollo 15 Hammer and Feather Drop on the moon (1971)
- Torsion-balance tests of the weak equivalence principle – July, 2012
- Einstein and General Relativity
- May 29, 1919: Eddington Observes Solar Eclipse to Test General Relativity
- Satellite Confirms the Principle of Falling – September, 2022
- Testing Einstein’s equivalence principle near a supermassive black hole – March, 2019
- Acceleration Measurements Using Smartphone Sensors: Dealing with the Equivalence Principle – June, 2014
- Can Biophysics Tell us Something About the Weak Equivalence Principle vis a vis the Thought Experiment of Einstein Involving Human Subjects? – June, 2009
- Tutorial 2 – Thursday, September 16 (13:30)
- Topics: CERN talk on “Testing Fundamental Physics with Antihydrogen”
- Lecture 5 – Friday, September 17 (12:30)
- Topics: Common Forces
- Readings: 5.6, 6.2, 6.4
- Miscellaneous Related Stuff
- Why being average is bad news for ants – August, 2017
- Friction at the microscale depends unexpectedly on sliding speed – February, 2023
- Friction Is Key in Domino Physics – June, 2022
– Here’s a classic video by Stephen Morris of UofT on dominoes and gravitational potential energy (October, 2009). - Friction: from fingerprints to climate change – November, 2021
- Phonon redshift and Hubble friction in an expanding BEC – September, 2020
- The Opposite of Friction – June, 2012
- Snake skin inspired surfaces smash records, providing 40 percent friction reduction – June, 2015
- Small Molecules Twirl Freely in a Helium Droplet – June, 2022
- Quantum Solution to Classical Drag Puzzle – September, 2021
- Role of thrust and drag clarified for swimming microorganisms – January, 2017
A page from Galileo’s diary depicting trajectories of a projectile with different initial velocities.
- Lecture 6 – Monday, September 20 (12:30)
- Topic: Motion with Constant Acceleration
- Readings: 3.4-3.5
- Miscellaneous Related Stuff
- Free-falling nanoparticle helps to detect tiny forces – October, 2018
- Lecture 7 – Wednesday, September 22 (12:30)
- Topic: Projectile Motion
- Readings: 4.3
- Miscellaneous Related Stuff
- Tutorial 3 – Thursday, September 23 (13:30): practice problems
- Lecture 8 – Friday, September 24 (12:30)
- Topics: Uniform Circular Motion, Orbital Motion
- Readings: 4.4, 7.1
- PhET Simulation: Gravity and Orbits
- Lecture 9 – Monday, September 27 (12:30)
- Topics: Work, Power, Kinetic Energy
- Readings: 7.1 up to Work Done by Forces that Vary, 7.4, 7.2-7.3 (ignore integration for now)
- Miscellaneous Related Stuff
- Dividing Work into Quantum Chunks – July, 2019
- Molecular motors: Power much less than expected? – August, 2013
- External skin patch transfers power to medical implants – July, 2020
- Potato power: the spuds that could light the world – March, 2014
- Lecture 10 – Wednesday, September 29 (12:30)
- Topics: Potential Energy, Conservation of Energy, Escape Velocity, Black Holes
- Readings: 8.1 (up to Elastic potential energy), 8.3 (up to EXAMPLE 8.7), 13.3
- PhET Simulation: Energy Skate Park
- Miscellaneous Related Stuff
- Harvesting Energy from Falling Droplets – August, 2020
Falling water drops power LEDs – February, 2020
The ALPHA antihydrogen trap. - Discovery of Neptune – September 23, 1846
- Moon-forming disc is spotted around a giant exoplanet – July, 2021
- Could Planet 9 be a primordial black hole? – August, 2020
- New exoplanet endured a rough start – September, 2020
- November 27, 1783: John Michell anticipates black holes
- LIGO-Virgo spots its most massive black hole merger so far – September, 2020
- Harvesting Energy from Falling Droplets – August, 2020
- Tutorial 4 – Thursday, September 30 (13:30): practice problems
- Lecture 11 – Friday, October 1 (12:30)
- Topics: Ideal Spring, Potential Curves, (Anti)atom Trapping, Conservative VS Non-conservative Forces
- Readings: 5.1 (Beginning of Development of the Force Concept section), 5.6 (Spring Force section after Tension ), 7.1 (end of this chapter, Figure 7.7), 8.1 (Elastic potential energy and Gravitational and elastic potential energy), 8.4, 8.2
- PhET Simulation: Hooke’s Law
- Miscellaneous Related Stuff
- What Is the Strong Force?
- Antihydrogen Magnetic Trap – from Observation of the hyperfine spectrum of antihydrogen – Nature, August, 2017
- Lecture 12 – Monday, October 4 (12:30)
- Topics: Waves, Sound
- Readings: 16.1-16.4, 17.1
- Miscellaneous Related Stuff
- Transverse and Longitudinal Waves
- What Cause Traffic Jams? The Physics Behind You Need to Know – June, 2019
- ‘Phantom’ Traffic Jams Are Real – And Scientists Know How to Stop Them – February, 2018
- January 1, 1995: Confirmation of the Existence of Rogue Waves
- Stuff about Sound
- Sound-speed measurements shed light on Earth’s interior – February, 2023
- Acoustically levitated particle rafts spin and deform like asteroids do – May, 2022
- Here’s why pipe organs seem to violate a rule of sound – May, 2022
- Sound Speed Measured on Mars – March, 2022
- The sound of seagrass – August, 2021
- ‘Seeing’ single cells with sound – August, 2021
- Sound waves in fermionic superfluid are studied in a ‘beautiful’ experiment – December, 2020
- Sound Waves Carry Mass – March, 2019
- Research reveals how wounds heal in ‘waves’ – September, 2020
- Lecture 13 – Wednesday, October 6 (12:30)
- Topics: Interference, Fourier Analysis, Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
- Readings: 16.5 (Superposition and Interference)
- PhET Simulation: Fourier: Making Waves
- Miscellaneous Related Stuff
- Tutorial 5 – Thursday, October 7 (13:30): practice problems
- Lecture 14 – Friday, October 8 (12:30)
- Topics: Reflection and Refraction, Seismic Surveys, Standing Waves
- Readings: 16.5 (Reflection and Transmission), 16.6, 17.4-5
- PhET Simulation: Waves on a String
- Miscellaneous Related Stuff
- A seismometer maps Mars’s anatomy – October, 2021
- A model to detect explosions big and small – August, 2020
- Fall Reading Week – October 11 – 15
- Lecture 15 – Monday, October 18 (12:30)
- Topics: Beats, Doppler Effect, Shock waves, Cerenkov Radiation
- Readings: 17.6 – 17.8
- Miscellaneous Related Stuff
- The fall and rise of the Doppler effect – March, 2020
- A Review of Medical Doppler Ultrasonography of Blood Flow in General and Especially in Common Carotid Artery – January, 2018
- Astronomers Use The Doppler Effect To Find Three Newborn Planets – June, 2018
- October 14, 1947: Chuck Yeager Breaks the Sound Barrier
Chuck Yeager, Test Pilot Who Broke the Sound Barrier, Is Dead at 97 – December 7, 2020 - July 1915: William Lawrence Bragg works on sound ranging for artillery detection
- Scientists find upper limit for the speed of sound,
Fundamental constants set upper limit for the speed of sound – October, 2020 - Cerenkov Radiation and Medicine
- December 1934: Discovery of Cherenkov Radiation
- A physicist in the cancer lab – October, 2011
- Cerenkov luminescence imaging: physics principles and potential applications in biomedical sciences – March, 2017
- Applications of Cherenkov and Radioluminescence Imaging to Medicine and Biology – 7 articles, 2021
- Color Cherenkov imaging of clinical radiation therapy – November, 2021
- Cherenkov imaging for visualizing radiotherapy: one year of clinical use – September, 2022
- Novel biomedical applications of Cerenkov radiation and radioluminescence imaging – March, 2015
- Lecture 16 – Wednesday, October 20 (12:30)
- Topics: Simple Harmonic Motion, Damped Oscillations, Resonance
- Readings: 15.1, 15-2 (up to Oscillations About an Equilibrium Position), 15.5-6
- PhET Simulation: Masses and Springs
- Miscellaneous Related Stuff
- Swimming spheres – December, 2015
- Superpropulsion of Liquid Drops – September, 2017
- A new mathematical model allows the description of ensembles of biological oscillators coupled by short pulses, like neural networks – January, 2014
- Magnetic resonance imaging resolves atomic scale detail – July, 2019
- Tutorial 6 – Thursday, October 21 (13:30): practice problems
- Lecture 17 – Friday, October 22 (12:30)
- Topics: Normal Modes of a Standing Sound Wave
- Readings: 17.4
- Lecture 18 – Monday, October 25 (12:30)
- Topics: Systems of Particles, Centre-of-Mass
- Readings: 9.6 (up to Center of Mass and Conservation of Momentum)
- Miscellaneous Related Stuff
- A physicist at the gym – February, 2011
- My computational education – October, 2012
- Lecture 19 – Wednesday, October 27 (12:30)
- Topics: Centre-of-Mass Motion, E=mc2
- Readings: 9.6 (section headed Center of Mass and Conservation of Momentum)
- Miscellaneous Related Stuff
- Einstein shows Energy and Mass are Equivalent – April, 1905
- How Einstein confirmed E0=mc2 (plus lots of links to the derivation) – December, 2010
- Tutorial 7 – Thursday, October 28 (13:30): practice problems
- Lecture 20 – Friday, October 29 (12:30)
- Topic: Collisions
- Readings: 9.2-5
- PhET Simulation: Collision Lab
- Miscellaneous Related Stuff
- May, 1911: Rutherford and the Discovery of the Atomic Nucleus
- June 1931: Lawrence and the First Cyclotron
- April 14, 1932: Cockcroft and Walton Split the Atom
- July 1962: Discovery of a 2nd Kind of Neutrino
- April 17, 1969: Robert R. Wilson’s Congressional Testimony on Founding Fermilab
- November 1974: Discovery of the Charmed Quark
- April 1995: Discovery of the top quark at Fermilab
- May, 1911: Rutherford and the Discovery of the Atomic Nucleus
- Lecture 21 – Monday, November 1 (12:30)
- Topics: Fixed-axis Rotational Motion, Vector Cross Product, Torque, Moment of Inertia
- Readings: 10.1-3, 2.4 (The Vector Product of Two Vectors (the Cross Product)), 10.6, 10.4
- Miscellaneous Related Stuff
- Hidden Twists and Turns – December, 2006
- Putting a Spin on Superheavy Elements July, 2012
- The Effects of Stator Compliance, Backs Steps, Temperature, and Clockwise Rotation on the Torque-Speed Curve of Bacterial Flagellar Motor – August, 2010
- Extension, Torque and Supercoiling in Single, Stretched and Twisted DNA Molecules – November, 2015
- Test #1 – Wednesday, November (12:30)
- Lecture 22 – Friday, November 5 (12:30)
- Topics: Moments of Inertia, Parallel-axis Theorem, Rolling Motion
- Readings: 10.5, 10.4, 11.1
- Miscellaneous Related Stuff
- The flu virus keeps on rolling – June, 2021
- Lecture 23 – Monday, November 8 (12:30)
- Topic: Pendulums, Cavendish Experiment
- Readings: 15.4, 13.1 (The Cavendish Experiment)
- PhET Simulation: Pendulum Lab
- Miscellaneous Related Stuff
- June 16, 1657: Christiaan Huygens Patents the First Pendulum Clock
- June 1798: Cavendish weighs the world
- Galileo’s Paradoxes of a Swinging Chandelier
- How did Newton prove the equivalence principle with pendulums? – July, 2017 (edited March, 2019)
- An inverted pendulum with a springy control as a model of human standing – December, 2005
- Nanonewton force generation and detection based on a sensitive torsion pendulum – June, 2008
- Of torsion balances and construction cranes – March, 2022
- Lecture 24 – Wednesday, November 10 (12:30)
- Topics: Angular Momentum, Conservation of Angular Momentum
- Readings: 11.2-3
- Miscellaneous Related Stuff
- Tutorial 8 – Thursday, November 11 (13:30)
- Lecture 25 – Friday, November 12 (12:30)
- Topic: Static Equilibrium, Stability, Symmetry Breaking
- Readings: 12.1-2, 15.2 (Oscillations About an Equilibrium Position)
- Miscellaneous Related Stuff
- High-endurance algae – November, 2013
- Scientists study biomechanics behind amazing ant strength – May, 2014
- Ants make efficient excavators – September, 2021
- Symmetry breaking during flapping generates lift – October, 2012
- Nobel Prize – Particle Physics Gets a Break – October, 2008
- Breaking Lorentz symmetry – March, 2004
- Big break for charge symmetry
- Englert and Higgs bag Nobel Prize for Physics – October, 2013
- Understanding the Butterfly Effect from the May-June 2017 American Scientist
- The Quantum Butterfly Noneffect – September, 2020
- The Butterfly Effect in Alice Munro’s “Day of the Butterfly”. Chaos, Empathy and the End of Certainty from the special 2015 issue of Etude de Stylistique Anglaise on Stylistic Perspectives on Alice Munro’s Dance of the Happy Shades
- Lecture 26 – Monday, November 15 (12:30)
- Topic: Fluid Motion, Density and Pressure, Hydrostatic Equilibrium
- Readings: 14.1-2
- Miscellaneous Related Stuff
- Lecture 27 – Wednesday, November 17 (12:30)
- Topic: Pascal’s Principle, Archimedes’ Principle
- Readings: 14.3-4
- PhET Simulation: Density
- Miscellaneous Related Stuff
- Archimedes principle, generalized – July, 2012
- New 3D scanning method uses Archimedes’ principle – July, 2017
- Tutorial 9 – Thursday, November 18 (13:30)
- Lecture 28 – Friday, November 19 (12:30)
- Topic: Fluid Dynamics, Vector Field
- Readings: 14.5
- Miscellaneous Related Stuff
- January 15, 1919: Physics and the Boston Molasses Flood
- Why Wetting a Surface Can Increase Friction – December, 2022
- Fluid Dynamics of Clouds – May, 2022
- The Mystery at the Heart of Physics That Only Math Can Solve – June, 2021
- Visualizing Flow Fields Around Colloids – June, 2021
- Artificial stomach reveals fluid dynamics of food digestion – August, 2021
- Fluid flow around swimming microorganisms – October, 2010
- Ultracold atoms flow on a chip – April, 2019
- Hawking radiation from fluids – October, 2014
- Fluid dynamics explains ancient organism behavior – October, 2017
- Lecture 29 – Monday, November 22 (12:30)
- Topic: Bernoulli’s Equation
- Readings: 14.6
- Miscellaneous Related Stuff
- Lecture 30 – Wednesday, November 24 (12:30)
- Topic: Viscosity, Turbulence
- Readings: 14.7
- Miscellaneous Related Stuff
- The quantum mechanics of viscosity – December, 2021
- Neutron stars, gravitational waves, and dark matter – February, 2021
- Studies explore fluids in pancakes, beer, and the kitchen sink – November, 2020
- Viscous droplets glide on air – November, 2020
- Understanding dangerous droplet dynamics – November, 2020
- Secrets of COVID-19 transmission revealed in turbulent puffs – August, 2021
- Exciting Turbulence with Polymers – August, 2021
- Record-breaking simulations of turbulence’s smallest structures – July, 2021
- More than a bumpy ride: Turbulence offers boost to birds – June, 2021
- Probing Wave Turbulence at High Gravity – December, 2019
- Tutorial 10 – Thursday, November 25 (13:30): problem solving
- Lecture 31 – Friday, November 26 (12:30)
- Topic: Physics of the Helicopter
- Lift, Bernoulli’s Equation, and Newton’s 3rd Law
- A New Theory for Systems That Defy Newton’s Third Law – November, 2021
- Conservation of Angular Momentum
- Rotational and Translational Kinetic Energy
- Lift, Bernoulli’s Equation, and Newton’s 3rd Law
- Lecture 32 – Monday, November 29 (12:30)
- Topics: Review for Test #2
- Test #2 – Wednesday, December 1 (12:30)
- Lecture 33 – Friday, December 3 (12:30)
- Topic: Diffusion, Osmosis, Motion in Viscous Fluids
- PhET Simulation: Diffusion
- Miscellaneous Related Stuff
- August 1827: Robert Brown and Molecular Motion in a Pollen-filled Puddle
- Einstein and Brownian Motion – February, 1905
- March 15, 1883: Osborne Reynolds Proposes the Reynolds Number
- Life at Low Reynolds Numbers – June, 1976
- The Physics Principle That Inspired Modern AI Art – January, 2023
- Building better diffusion models for active systems – November, 2020
- New research provides insights into the process of diffusion in living systems – March, 2021
- Harnessing hot helium ash to drive rotation in fusion reactors – November, 2021
- Fast nanoparticle diffusion in synovial fluid and hyaluronic acid solutions – September, 2021
- Lake’s radioactivity concentration predicted for 10,000 days after the Fukushima accident – November, 2021
- Supercomputers and Archimedes’ principle enable calculating nanobubble diffusion in nuclear fuels – April, 2020
- Quantum dots track two-dimensional diffusion in cells – AUgust, 2020
- Individual atoms traced during diffusion – July, 2017
- The enigmatic snowflake – January, 2008