Canadian Space Agency astronaut David Saint-Jacques is launching to the International Space Station (ISS) on Dec. 3, and soon after his arrival, some important research from York University Professor Laurence Harris will begin. This effort could one day help research in the areas of Parkinson’s disease, stroke recovery, damaged organs, aging and remote robots used for surgery.
Laurence Harris
Harris is leading a virtual reality experiment, some equipment for which recently travelled to the ISS on NASA’s Northrop Grumman’s commercial resupply mission. While Harris will remain on earth, his research will investigate the effects of microgravity on astronauts’ perception of their motion.
“It is vital for us to understand how we perceive information in space,” said Harris, a professor of psychology in the Faculty of Health and director of York’s Centre for Vision Research. “We want to see how going on long space flights will impact an astronaut’s perception of motion. Our ultimate goal is to develop a model of an astronaut’s perception of motion and body position and how the perceived distance to objects changes in space.”
The experiment is a collaboration with the Canadian Space Agency. It is aptly named VECTION, which is the feeling that you are in motion caused by seeing the visual scene moving, even while you are immobile.
The VECTION research team is led by Harris, and includes Professors Michael Jenkin and Robert Allison from the Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science in York’s Lassonde School of Engineering, as well as postdoctoral student Nils Bury and graduate student Meaghan McManus. They want to learn how visual information creates the feeling of self-motion in weightlessness.
The teams also wants to examine whether astronauts' perception of their surroundings is affected by weightlessness, and create a model of how space impacts the way we process visual information. Their experiment may enhance medical research focused on finding potential treatments for diseases, enhancing medical procedures and improving the quality of life for people who are sick.
“This experiment may be the missing piece of the puzzle to help us better understand disorders that affect movement and posture like Parkinson's disease,” said Harris. “Virtual reality applications may help people recovering from a stroke or with damage to the sense organs that help with balance. Perhaps this research will give us deeper knowledge of the effects of aging on perception or how to improve technologies like remotely operated robots used in surgery.”
The experiments will take place aboard the ISS and will be supported by control experiments conducted on Earth at York. Saint-Jacques will be the first crew member to take part in the experiment.
While in space, each astronaut will do three virtual reality tasks focused on three areas of study: the perception of orientation after accelerating motion, the perception of self-motion and the perception of distance. Each experiment will involve the astronauts being lightly held in a restraint system to stop them from drifting into the walls of the ISS while wearing a virtual reality head-mounted display (HMD), ear plugs and a neck brace to keep their head steady. The HMD will be attached to a laptop computer by means of a cable and they will indicate what they perceive using a finger mouse.
Harris and his team need results from seven astronauts, which will take two to three years to collect. The team will then analyze their findings to answer the important questions about the effects of space on perception that are being asked by the VECTION space mission.