Classics in the
History of Psychology
An internet resource developed by
Christopher D. Green
ISSN
1492-3173
(Return to Classics index)
Documents Sorted by Author
Abbott, Albert H. (1900). Experimental
psychology and the laboratory in Toronto. University of
- Introduction
to Abbott (1900) by Christopher D. Green.
Allport, Floyd H. &
Allport, Gordon W.
(1921). Personality traits: Their classificiation and
measurement. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 16,
6-40.
Allport, Gordon W. (1927). Concepts of trait and personality. Psychological
Bulletin, 24, 284-293.
Allport, Gordon W. (1937). The functional autonomy of motives. American
Journal of Psychology, 50, 141-156.
Allport, Gordon W. (1940). The
psychologist's frame of reference. Psychological Bulletin, 37,
1-28. [Allport's APA Presidential Address.]
American Psychological
Association.
(1894). Proceedings of the Preliminary Meeting (1892), the First
Annual Meeting (1892), and the Second Annual Meeting (1893).
American Psychological
Association.
(1947). Recommended graduate training program in
clinical psychology. American Psychologist, 2, 539-558. [The
report that proposed the so-called "Boulder Model".]
Angell, James Rowland. (1907). The province of functional psychology. Psychological
Review, 14, 61-91. [Basic statement of "
Aristotle. (ca. 350 BC). De anima (J. A. Smith, Trans.).
Originally published in Ross, W. D. (Ed.) (1930). The works of Aristotle
(vol. 3).
Aristotle. (ca. 350 BC). On memory and reminiscence (J. I. Beare,
Trans.).
Originally published in Ross, W. D. (Ed.) (1930). The works of Aristotle
(vol. 3).
Babbage,
Charles. [See Menabrea, L.F. (1842); Lovelace, A.A.,
(1843)]
Baldwin, James Mark (1892). The
psychological laboratory in the University of Toronto. Science, 19
(no. 475), 143-144. [The first published description of the first experimental
psychology laboratory in the
Baldwin, James Mark. (1895). Types of reaction. Psychological Review,
2, 259-273. [
Baldwin, James Mark. (1896). The
'type-theory' of reaction. Mind, 5, 81-90. [
Baldwin, James Mark. (1901). Dictionary of philosophy and psychology.
Originally published in
Baldwin, James Mark. (1913). History
of psychology: A sketch and an interpretation.
Baldwin, James Mark. (1930). Autobiography of James Mark Baldwin. In C.
Murchison (Ed.), History of psychology in autobiography (Vol. 1, pp.
1-30).
Baldwin, James Mark, Cattell,
James McKeen, & Jastrow, Joseph. (1898). Physical
and mental tests. Psychological Review, 5, 172-179. [An
account of an early attempt at what we would now call intelligence testing.]
Bandura, Albert, Ross,
Dorothea, & Ross, Sheila A. (1961). Transmisssion of aggressions through
imitation of aggressive models. Journal of Abnormal and Social
Psychology, 63, 575-582. [One of the classic "Bobo Doll"
studies of the imitation by children of aggressive behavior.]
Bateson, G. [See N. Miller et al. (1941).]
Berkeley, George. (1732). An essay towards a new theory of vision (4th
ed.). (First edition published 1709) [From the purest of the British
empiricists.]
Binet, Alfred. (1916). New
methods for the diagnosis of the intellectual level of subnormals. In E. S.
Kite (Trans.), The development of intelligence in children.
- Introduction
to Binet (1905/1916) by Henry L. Minton.
- Commentary
on Binet (1905/1916) and Terman (1916) by Henry L. Minton
Boring, Edwin G. (1929). The psychology of controversy. Psychological
Review, 36, 97-121. [Boring's 1928 APA Presidential Address about
past controversy in psychology.]
Boring, Edwin G. (1951). The
woman problem. American Psychologist, 6, 679-682.
Bowen, Francis. (1860). Remarks on the latest form of the development
theory. Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, n.s., VIII,
pp. 98-107, communicated March 27, April 10 and
Breland, Keller &
Breland, Marian.
(1961). The misbehavior of organisms. American
Psychologist, 16, 681-684. [Classic critique of the assumptions
underlying radical behaviorism.]
Brett, George S. (1922). Psychology in the university. Univeristy of
Brett, George S. (1929). Introduction
to psychology.
Broca, Paul (1861a). Perte
de la parole, ramollissement chronique et destruction partielle du lobe
antérieur gauche du cerveau Bulletin de la Société Anthropologique, 2,
235-238. [The initial report of Broca's famous patient, "Tan," and
the localization of speech in the left frontal lobe.]
- English translation of Broca's Loss of speech, chronic softening and partial destruction
of the anterior left lobe of the brain by C. D. Green.
Broca, Paul (1861b). Remarques
sur le siége de la faculté du langage articulé, suivies d'une observation
d'aphémie (perte de la parole) Bulletin de la Société Anatomique, 6,
330-357. [The complete report on the state of "Tan's" brain, and
Broca's argument for the fcaulty of spoken language being localized in the left
frontal lobe.]
- English translation of Broca's Remarks on the Seat of the Faculty of
Articulated Language, Following an Observation of Aphemia (Loss of Speech)
by C. D. Green.
Bruner, Jerome S. &
Goodman, Cecile C.
(1947). Value and need as organizing factors in
perception. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 42,
33-44. [Famous "New Look" study in which impoverished children
over-estimate the sizes of coins.]
Bruner, Jerome S. &
Postman, Leo.
(1949). On the perception of incongruity: A paradigm.
Journal of Personality, 18, 206-223. [Famous "New Look"
study in which black hearts on playing cards were seen as being red.]
Buchner, Edward Franklin. (1903). A quarter century of psychology in America:
1878-1903. American Journal of Psychology, 14, 666-680.
Calkins, Mary Whiton. (1892). Experimental
Psychology at Wellesley College. American Journal of Psychology, 5,
464-271.
Calkins, Mary Whiton. (1896a). Association:
An essay analytic and experimental. Psychological Review Monographs
Supplement, 1 (2). [The origin of the paired associates learning
procedure by the first woman President of the APA.]
Calkins, Mary Whiton. (1896b). Community of ideas of men and women. Psychological
Review, 3, 426-430. [Reply to Jastrow (1896).]
Calkins,
Mary Whiton.
(1906). A reconciliation between
structural and functional psychology. Psychological Review, 8,
61-81. [Calkins' APA Presidential Address.]
Calkins, Mary Whiton (1908a). Psychology as science of self. I: Is the self
body Or has it body?. Journal of Philosophy, Psychology and Scientific
Methods, 5, 12-20.
Calkins, Mary Whiton (1908b). Psychology as science of self. II: The nature
of the self. Journal of Philosophy, Psychology and Scientific Methods,
5, 64-68.
Calkins, Mary Whiton (1908c). Psychology as science of self. III: The
Description of Consciousness. Journal of Philosophy, Psychology and
Scientific Methods, 5, 113-122.
Calkins, Mary Whiton. (1915). The
self in scientific psychology. American Journal of Psychology, 26,
495-524.
Calkins, Mary Whiton. (1930). Autobiography of Mary Whiton Calkins. In C.
Murchison (Ed.), History of psychology in autobiography (Vol. 1, pp.
31-62).
Carlsmith, James M. [See Festinger & Carlsmith
(1959).]
Cattell, James McKeen. (1886a). The time taken up by cerebral operations, Parts
1 & 2. Mind, 11, 220-242.
Cattell, James McKeen. (1886b). The time taken up by cerebral operations, Part 3.
Mind, 11, 377-392.
Cattell, James McKeen. (1887). The time taken up by cerebral operations, Part 4.
Mind, 11, 524-538.
Cattell, James McKeen. (1888). The psychological laboratory at Leipsic. Mind,
13, 37-51. [English-language report on the activities at Wundt's lab
during the 1880s by one who was there.]
Cattell, James McKeen. (1890). Mental
tests and measurements. Mind, 15, 373-381. [An account of one
of the first attempts at what we would now call intelligence testing.]
Cattell, James McKeen. (1893/1947). Attention and reaction (R. S. Woodworth, Trans.).
In James McKeen Cattell, Man of science (Vol. 1: Psychological Research,
pp. 252-255, R. S. Woodworth, Trans.).
Cattell, James McKeen. (1898). The
psychological laboratory. Psychological Review, 5, 655-658.
[A reply to Titchener, 1898.]
Cattell, James McKeen. (1928). Early psychological laboratories. Science,
67, 543- 548.
Cattell, James McKeen. (1943). The founding of the Association and of the Hopkins
and Clark Laboratories. Psychological Review, 50, 61-64.
Cattell, James McKeen. [See also Baldwin, Cattell, &
Jastrow (1898).]
Clark, Kenneth B. &
Clark, Mamie K.
(1939). The development of consciousness of self and
the emergence of racial identification in negro preschool children. Journal
of Social Psychology, S.P.S.S.I. Bulletin, 10, 591-599. [One of the
first studies in the psychology of race, by two of the first major
African-American psychologists.]
Clark, Kenneth B. &
Clark, Mamie K.
(1940). Skin color as a factor in racial
identification of negro preschool children. Journal of Social
Psychology, S.P.S.S.I. Bulletin, 11, 159-169. [One of the first
studies in the psychology of race, by two of the first major African-American
psychologists.]
Clark, Mamie K. [See K.B. Clark & M.K. Clark
(1939, 1940).]
Creighton, J. E. (1902). The purposes of a philosophical association. Philosophical
Review, 11, 219-237. [Inaugural Presidential Address of the American
Philosophical Association.]
Cronbach, Lee J. (1957). The two disciplines of scientific psychology. American
Psychologist, 12, 671-684. [Famous attempt to reconcile the aims
experimental and correlational psychology.]
Cronbach, Lee J. &
Meehl, Paul E.
(1955). Construct validity in psychological
tests. Psychological Bulletin, 52, 281-302. [The origin of
the term "construct validity"]
Darwin,
Charles. (1874). The
descent of man. Part One: Descent or Origin of Man (ch. 1-7). (2nd
ed.). Originally published in
Darwin, Charles. (1877). A
biographical sketch of an infant. Mind, 2, 285-294. [Early
evolutionary look at child development.]
De Varigny, M. Henry. (1894). Le laboratoire de psychologie expérimentale de
l'Université de Madison. Revue Scientifique, vol. 1, tome 1,
624-629. [The single most detailed contemporary report of Jastrow's psychology
exhibit at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in
- English translation of De
Varigny's The experimental psychology
laboratory at the University of Madison by C.D. Green.
Dewey, John. (1884). The new psychology.
Dewey, John. (1894). The
ego as cause. Philosophical Review, 3, 337-341.
Dewey, John. (1896) The
reflex arc concept in psychology. Psychological Review, 3,
357-370. [The article that defined the modern concept of the reflex.]
Dodson, John D. [See Yerkes & Dodson (1908).]
Dunlap, Knight. (1912). The case against introspection. Psychological
Review, 19, 404-413.
Ebbinghaus, Hermann. (1913). Memory: A contribution to experimental
psychology (Henry A. Ruger & Clara
- Introduction
to Ebbinghaus (1885/1913) by Robert H. Wozniak.
Eysenck, Hans J. (1952). The effects of psychotherapy: An evaluation.
Journal of Consulting Psychology, 16, 319-324. [Classic empirical
critique of the effectiveness of psychotherapy.]
Fechner, Gustav Theodor (1860). Elements
of psychophysics, Sections VII ("Measurement of sensation") and
XVI ("The fundamental formula and the measurement formula")
(Trans. by Herbert S. Langfeld, first appearing in B. Rand (Ed.) (1912), The
classical psychologists). [The document in which originated "Fechner's
Law".]
- Introduction
to Fechner (1860) by Robert H. Wozniak.
Fernberger, Samuel W. (1932). The American Psychological Association: A
historical summary, 1892-1930. Psychological Bulletin, 29,
1-89.
Fernberger, Samuel W. (1943). The
American Psychological Association 1892-1942. Psychological Review, 50,
33-60.
Fisher, Ronald A. (1925). Statistical
methods for research workers. Originally published in
Fiske, John. (1902). Herbert
Spencer's service to religion. Essays Historical and Literary,
Franz, Shepherd Ivory. (1912). New phrenology. Science, N.S. 35
(No. 896), 321-328. [Important critique of the hypothesis of the localization
of cerebral function.]
Freud, Sigmund. (1913). The interpretation of dreams (3rd
ed.). (A. A. Brill, Trans.). Originally published in
Freud, Sigmund (1914). The
psychopathology of everyday life. (A. A. Brill, Trans.). Originally
published in
Freud, Sigmund. (1910). The origin and development of psychoanalysis.
American Journal of Psychology, 21, 181-218. [Freud's lectures at
- Introduction
to Freud (1910) by Raymond E. Fancher
- Commentary on Freud (1910) by
Raymond E. Fancher.
Freud, Sigmund. (1917). The history of the psychoanalytic movement
(A. A. Brill, Trans.). Originally published in
Galton,
Francis. (1865). Hereditary talent
and character. Macmillan's Magazine, 12, 157-166, 318-327.
- Introduction
to Galton's Hereditary genius (1869) by Robert H. Wozniak.
Galton, Francis. (1875). History
of twins. Human Faculty and its Development (pp. 155-173). [The
original psychological twins study.]
Galton, Francis. (1880). Statistics of mental imagery. Mind, 5,
301-318.
Garvey, C. R. (1929). List of
American psychology laboratories. Psychological Bulletin, 26,
652-660.
Goddard, Henry Herbert. (1913). The
Kallikak family: A study in the heredity of feeble-mindedness. [A major
influence on the early 20th-century eugenics movement.]
Goodman, Cecile C. [See Bruner & Goodman (1947).]
Gordon, Kate. (1905). Wherein should the education of a woman differ from
that of a man. School Review, 13, 789-794. [Contemporary
critique of G.S. Hall's Adolescence
Gray, Asa. (1860). [Review of] The Origin of Species by Means of
Natural Selection. American Journal of Science and Arts (March).
Reprinted in 1876 in Darwiniana: Essays and Reviews Pertaining to Darwinism.
[A review by Harvard's professor of Natural history, and
Griffith,
Coleman R. (1921). Some neglected
aspects of a history of psychology. Psychological Monographs, 30,
17-29. [A call for a history of experimental psychology from the
recognized founder of sports psychology.]
Griffith, Coleman R. (1922). Contributions to the history of psychology --
1916-1921. Psychological Bulletin, 19, 411-428. [A report on
the state of the art in history of psychology up to the end of World War I.]
Guthrie, Edwin R. (1946). Psychological
facts and psychological theory. Psychological Bulletin, 43,
1-20. [Guthrie's APA Presidential address.]
Hall, G.
Stanley. (1879). Philosophy in the
United States. Mind, 4, 89-105. [Hall's scathing critique of
the state of American philosophy in the 1870s.]
Hall, G. Stanley. (1885). The
new psychology.
Hall, G. Stanley. (1904). Adolescent girls and their education.
From Adolescence: Its psychology and its relations to physiology,
anthropology, sociology, sex, crime, religion, and education (Vol. 2,
Chapter 17).
Harlow, Harry F. (1958). The
nature of love. American Psychologist, 13, 573-685. [
Harlow, Harry F. (1962). Fundamental
principles for preparing psychology journal articles. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 55, 893-896.
Hartmann, G. W. [See N. Miller et al. (1941).]
Harvey, O. J. [See M. Sherif et al. (1954/1961).]
Hebb, Donald O. (1955). Drives and
the C.N.S. (conceptual nervous system). Psychological Review, 62,
243-254. [Important statement of the theory of the optimal level of function.]
Heider, Fritz. (1946). Attitudes and cognitive organization. Journal
of Psychology, 21, 107-112. [Famous article on Balance Theory.]
Herbart, J. F. (1877). Possibility and necessity of applying mathematics
in psychology (H. Haanel, Trans.). Journal of Speculative Philosophy, 11,
251-264.
Hill, A. B. &
Watanabe, R.
(1894). "Sensorial" and
"muscular" reactions. American Journal of Psychology, 6,
242-246. [Supervised by E. B. Titchener, in support of L. Lange's findings.]
Hollingworth, Leta S. (1914a). Functional periodicity: An experimental
study of the mental and motor abilities of women during menstruation.
Hollingworth, Leta S. (1914b). Variability as related to sex differences in
achievement: A critique. American Journal of Sociology, 19,
510-530.
Hollingworth, Leta S. (1916). Social devices for impelling women to bear and
rear children. American Journal of Sociology, 22, 19-29.
[Argues that social control is more important that "maternal
instinct" in leading women to motherhood.]
Hollingworth, Leta S. (1922). Differential action upon the sexes of forces
which tend to segregate the feebleminded. Journal of Abnormal Psychology
& Social Psychology, 17, 35-57.
Hood, William R. [See M. Sherif et al. (1954/1961).]
Howes, Ethel Puffer. (1922). Accepting the universe. Atlantic Monthly,
129, 444-453.
Hume, James Gibson. (1892). Physiological psychology. Minutes of the
Twenty-First Annual Convention of the
Hume, James Gibson. (1895). Psychology
in the University of Toronto. Psychological Review, 2, 172.
[Abstract of paper presented at the 1894 meeting of the American Psychological
Association.]
Hume, James Gibson. (1897). The
practical value of psychology to the teacher.
Hume, James Gibson. (1898). Contributions
of psychology to morality and religion. Psychological Review, 5,
162-163. [Abstract of paper presented at the 1897 meeting of the American
Psychological Association.]
Hume, James Gibson. (1909). The proper affiliation of psychology: With
philosophy or the natural sciences. Psychological Bulletin, 6,
65-67. [Abstract of paper presented at the 1908 meeting of the Southern Society
for Philosophy and Psychology.]
Hume, James Gibson. (1909). The import of pragmatism for the hsitory of
philosophy. Philosophical Review, 18, 176-177. [Abstract of
paper presented at the 1908 meeting of the American Philosophical Association.]
Hume, James Gibson. (1910). The
significance of suicide. Philosophical Review, 19, 179-180.
[Abstract of paper presented at the 1901 meeting of the American Philosophical
Association.]
Hume, James Gibson. (1916). Scientific truth and the scientific spirit.
University of
Hume, James Gibson. (1922). Evolution and personality. In Philosophical
essays presented to John Watson (pp. 298-330).
James, William. (1879). Are we automata? Mind, 4, 1-22. [James'
reply to T.H. Huxley's "On the hypothesis that animals are automata, and
its history" (1874), available at: http://aleph0.clarku.edu/huxley/CE1/AnAuto.html.]
James, William. (1884). What
is an emotion? Mind, 9, 188-205. [The major statement of the
James-Lange theory of emotion: "I see a bear, I run, I am afraid."]
James, William. (1887). Consciousness of lost limbs. Proceedings of
the American Society for Psychical Research, 1, 249-258.
James, William. (1890). The principles of psychology. [Perhaps
the most important English-language psychology text in history.]
- Introduction to James (1890) by
Robert H. Wozniak.
James, William. (1892). The
stream of consciousness. From Psychology (chapter XI).
James, William. (1904a). Does consciousness exist? Journal of
Philosophy, Psychology, and Scientific Methods, 1, 477-491. [A later
Jamesian account of consciousness.]
- Introduction
to James (1904a, 1904b) by Eugene Taylor & Robert H. Wozniak.
James, William. (1904b). A world of pure experience. Journal of
Philosophy, Psychology, and Scientific Methods, 1, 533-543, 561-570.
[James, the radical empiricist.]
- Introduction
to James (1904a, 1904b) by Eugene Taylor & Robert H. Wozniak.
James, William (1904c). The
Chicago school. Psychological Bulletin, 1, 1-5. [James gives
functionlaism its nickname while reviewing Dewey et al.'s Studies in Logical
Theory.]
James, William. (1907). The energies of men. Science, N.S. 25
(No. 635), 321-332. [James' Presidential Address to the American Philosophical
Association.]
Janet,
Jastrow, Joseph.. (1891). A
study in mental statistics. New Review, 5, 559-568.
Jastrow, Joseph. (1893). The section of psychology. in M.P. Hardy (Ed.), Official
Catalogue -- World's Columbian Exposition (Part. vii, pp. 50-60).
Jastrow, Joseph. (1896). Community of ideas of men and women. Psychological
Review, 3, 68-71. [Reply to Nevers (1895).]
Jastrow, Joseph. (1935). Has psychology failed? American Scholar, 4,
261-269. [The founder of the
Jastrow, Joseph. [See Baldwin, Cattell, &
Jastrow (1898).]
Jones, Mary Cover. (1924). A
laboratory study of fear: The case of Peter. Pedagogical Seminary, 31,
308-315.
- Introduction
to Jones (1924) by Alexandra Rutherford.
Jung, Carl G. (1910). The
association method. American Journal of Psychology, 31,
219-269. [Introduction of Jungian psychology to
Jung, Carl G. (1921/1923). General description of the types. Chapter 10 of Psychological
types (H.G. Bayes, Trans.). (Original work published 1921) [Key chapter of
Jung's major treatise on personality.]
Koffka, Kurt. (1922). Perception: An introduction to the Gestalt-theorie.
Psychological Bulletin, 19, 531-585. [The first English-language
article on Gestalt psychology.]
- Introduction to Koffka (1922) by
Christopher D. Green.
Köhler, Wolfgang. (1959). Gestalt
psychology today. American Psychologist, 14, 727-734.
[Köhler's APA Presidential address.]
Konorski, J. &
Miller, S. (1937). On two types of conditioned reflex. Journal of
General Psychology, 16, 264-272. [Major critique of Skinner (1935).]
Krohn, William O. (1894). Facilities
in experimental psychology in the colleges of the United States. In Report
of the Commissioner of Education for the year 1890-'91 (Vol. 2, pp.
1139-1151).
Krstic, Kruno. (1964). Marko
Marulic -- The author of the term "psychology". Acta Instituti
Psychologici Universitatis Zagrabiensis, no. 36, pp. 7-13. [Rare study of
the origin of the term "psychology".]
Ladd Franklin, Christine. (1904). Endowed professorships for women. Publications
of the Association of Collegiate Alumnae, Series III, No. 9, pp. 53-61.
Ladd Franklin, Christine. (1908). Report of the committee on the endowment
of fellowships. From "Proceedings" in the Publications of the
Association of Collegiate Alumnae, Series III, No. 17, pp. 143-146.
Lange, Carl Georg. (1885). The
mechanism of the emotions. Trans. by Benjamin Rand, first appeared in
Lange,
Ludwig. (1888/2009). New experiments on the process of the simple
reaction to sensory impressions. (Trans. By David D. Lee of Neue
Experimente über den Vorgang der einfachen Reaction auf Sinneseindrücke.) Philosophische
Studien, 4, 479-510. (in .pdf). [The article by Wundt's future assistant
that claimed distinct "sensory" and "muscular" types of
reaction, thereby setting off a debate (Cattell, Baldwin, Titchener, Angell)
that led to the
Lashley, Karl S. (1923). The behavioristic interpretation of
consciousness. Psychological Bulletin, 30, 237-272, 329-353.
Lashley, Karl S. (1930). Basic
neural mechanisms in behavior. Psychological Review, 37,
1-24. [One of Lashley's most influential articles.]
Levy, D.M. [See N. Miller et al. (1941).]
Lovelace, A. Ada. (1843). Notes by the translator [to L.F. Menabrea's
"Sketch of the analytical engine invented by Charles Babbage, Esq."].
Scientific Memoirs, 3, 666-731. [Lady Lovelace's extensive notes to the
major account of Babbage's mechanical computer.]
- Introduction
to Menabrea/Lovelace (1842/1843) by Christopher D. Green
Marbe, Karl.
(1930). Autobiography of Karl Marbe. In C. Murchison (Ed.), History
of Psychology in Autobiography (Vol. 1, pp. 181-213).
Maslow, Abraham H. [See N. Miller et al. (1941).]
Maslow, Abraham H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological
Review, 50, 370-396. [The first published description of the
"hierarchy of needs."]
McCosh, James. (1874). Religious aspects of the doctrine of development.
In P. Schaff & S. Prime (Eds.). History, essays, orations, and other
documents of the sixth general conference of the Evangelical Alliance, held in
New York, October 2-12, 1873,
McDougall, William. [see Watson & MacDougall
(1929)].
MacCorquodale, Kenneth
& Meehl, Paul E.
(1948). On a distinction between
hypothetical constructs and intervening variables. Psychological Review,
55, 95-107. [Classic attempt to clarify a major terminological problem
in psychological methodology.]
Mead, George H. (1913). The social self. Journal of Philosophy,
Psychology, and Scientific Methods, 10, 374- 380. [Major article by
the "social behaviorist."]
Meehl, Paul E.. [See Cronbach & Meehl (1955);
MacCorquodale & Meehl (1948).]
Menabrea, Luigi F. (1843). Sketch of the analytical engine invented by
Charles Babbage, Esq. (A.A. Lovelace, Trans.). Scientific Memoirs, 3,
666-731. (Original work published 1842 in Bibliothèque Universelle de Genève,
No. 82) [The major account of Babbage's mechanical computer.]
- Introduction
to Menabrea/Lovelace (1842/1843) by Christopher D. Green
Miller, George A. (1956). The
magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for
processing information. Psychological Review, 63, 81-97. [A
classic in memory research and one of the earliest contributions to the
"cognitive revolution."]
Miller, N., Sears, R.R.,
Rosenzweig, S., Bateson, G., Levy, D.M., Hartmann, G.W., & Maslow, A.H. (1941). Symposium
on the frustration-aggression hypothesis. Psychological Review, 48,
337-366.
Miller, S. [See Konorski & Miller (1937).]
Morgan, C. Lloyd (1896). On modification and variation. Science,
NS 4, No. 99, 733-740. [Morgan's version of the "
Morgan, C. Lloyd. (1930). Autobiography of C. Lloyd Morgan. In C.
Murchison (Ed.), History of psychology in autobiography (Vol. 2, pp.
237-264).
Morgulis, Sergius. [See Yerkes & Morgulis
(1909).]
Münsterberg, Hugo. (1893a). The new psychology and Harvard's equipment for
teaching it. Harvard Graduate Magazine, 1 (2), 201-209. [A
defense of the new psychology by the largest laboratory's new director.]
Münsterberg, Hugo. (1893b). Psychological
laboratory of Harvard University. [A catalogue of equipment and
readings, prepared for the World's Columbian Exposition in
Münsterberg, Hugo. (1899). Psychology and history. Psychological Review,
6, 1-31. [Münsterberg's APA Presidential address about the
epistemological relation between the natural and the normative sciences. First
English discussion of idiographic and nomothetic methods, later popularized by Gordon
Allport.]
Münsterberg, Hugo. (1908/1925). On the witness stand. [Attempt to sell the
insights and methods of scientific psychology to the legal community;
foreshadows many of today's issues in forensic psychology.]
Münsterberg, Hugo. (1913). Psychology and industrial efficiency.
[Attempt to sell the insights and methods of scientific psychology to the
industry; major early contribution to industrial/organizational psychology.]
- Introduction to Münsterberg
(1913) by Robert H. Wozniak.
Nevers,
Cordelia C. & Calkins, Mary W. (1895). Dr.
Jastrow on community of ideas of men and women. Psychological Review,
2, 363-367. [Reply to Jastrow (1891).]
Pavlov, Ivan P. (1927). Conditioned
reflexes: An investigation of the physiological activity of the cerebral cortex
(G. V. Anrep, Trans.). (Original work published 1927)
Peirce, Charles Sanders
& Jastrow, Joseph (1884). Small
differences in sensation. Memoirs of the
Plato. (ca. 360 BC). Timaeus (B. Jowett, Trans.) [Plato's
description of the origin of the cosmos; includes his account of the origin and
nature of the psyche.]
Poe, Edgar Allan. (1850). Mesmeric
revelation. [A story about a session of mesmerism on the patient's
deathbed.]
Postman, Leo. [See Bruner & Postman (1949).]
Ethel Puffer. [See Howes, Ethel Puffer.
(1922).]
Rayner,
Rosalie. [See Watson & Rayner (1920).]
Rivers, William H.R. (1920). Instinct
and the unconscious: A contribution to a biological theory of the
psycho-neuroses.
Rogers, Carl R.. (1946). Significant aspects of client-centered therapy. American
Psychologist, 1, 415-422.
Rogers, Carl R.. (1947). Some observations on the organization of
personality. American Psychologist, 2, 358-368. [
Rosenzweig, S. [See N. Miller et al. (1941).]
Ross, Dorothea. [See Bandura, Ross, & Ross,
(1961).]
Ross, Sheila. [See Bandura, Ross, & Ross
(1961).]
Royce, Josiah. (1902). Recent
logical inquiries and their psychological bearings. Psychological Review,
9, 105-133. [Royce's APA Presidential Address about the potential impact
of recent development in the philosophy of mathematics for the psychology of
thinking.]
Rozeboom, William W. (1960). The
fallacy of the null-hypothesis significance test. Psychological Bulletin,
57, 416-428.
Sanford,
Edmund C. (1891-1893). A laboratory course in
physiological psychology. American Journal of Psychology, 4,
141-155, 303-322, 474-490; 5, 390-415, 593-616. [One of the
"standard" psychology course of the 1890s.]
Sears, R.R. [See N. Miller et al. (1941).]
Sherif, Carolyn W. [See M. Sherif et al. (1954/1961).]
Sherif, Muzafer, Harvey,
O. J., White, B. Jack, Hood, William R., & Sherif, Carolyn W. (1954/1961). Intergroup
conflict and cooperation: The Robbers Cave experiment.
Skinner, B. F. (1935). Two types of conditioned reflex and a
pseudo type. Journal of General Psychology, 12, 66-77. [Major
statement of operant behaviorism.]
Skinner, B. F. (1937). Two types of conditioned reflex: A reply to
Konorski and Miller. Journal of General Psychology, 16, 272-279.
[Reply to major critique of Skinner (1935).]
Skinner, B. F. (1948). 'Superstition'
in the pigeon. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 38,
168-172. [A classic in learning theory.]
Skinner, B. F. (1950). Are
theories of learning necessary? Psychological Review, 57,
193-216.
Spearman, Charles. (1904). "General
intelligence," objectively determined and measured. American
Journal of Psychology, 15, 201-293. [Probably the most influential
paper in the history of psychometric intelligence theory.]
Stroop, J. Ridley. (1935). Studies
of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental
Psychology, 18, 643-662. [The "gold standard" in studies
of automatic cognitive processing.]
Stumpf, Carl. (1930). Autobiography of Carl Stumpf. In C. Murchison
(Ed.), History of psychology in autobiography (Vol. 1, pp. 389-441).
Szasz, Thomas S. (1960). The
myth of mental illness. American Psychologist, 15, 113-118.
[A classic statement of American "anti-psychiatry."]
Terman, Lewis M. (1916). The uses of intelligence tests. From The
measurement of intelligence (chapter 1).
- Introduction
to Terman (1916) by Henry L. Minton.
- Commentary
on Binet (1905/1916) and Terman (1916) by Henry L. Minton.
Terman, Lewis M. (1930). Autobiography of Lewis M. Terman. In C.
Murchison (Ed.), History of psychology in autobiography (Vol. 2, pp.
297-331).
Thompson, Helen Bradford. (1903). The
mental traits of sex.
Woolley, Helen Thompson,. [se also Woolley, Helen Thompson.
(1910)]
Thorndike, Edward L.
& Woodworth, Robert S. (1901a). The influence of
improvement in one mental function upon the efficiency of other functions (I).
Psychological Review, 8, 247-261. [Classic study in the transfer
of training from one task to another.]
Thorndike, Edward L.
& Woodworth, Robert S. (1901b). The influence of
improvement in one mental function upon the efficiency of other functions: II.
The estimation of magnitudes. Psychological Review, 8,
384-395. [Classic study in the transfer of training from one task to another.]
Thorndike, Edward L.
& Woodworth, Robert S. (1901c). The influence of
improvement in one mental function upon the efficiency of other functions: III.
Functions involving attention, observation, and discrimination. Psychological
Review, 8, 553-564. [Classic study in the transfer of training from
one task to another.]
Thorndike, Edward L. (1910). The contribution of psychology to education.
Journal of Educational Psychology, 1, 5-12. [Early contribution
to educational psychology.]
Thorndike, Edward L. (1911). Animal
intelligence. [Most important book of the significant
- Introduction to Thorndike (1911)
by R. H. Wozniak.
Thouless, Robert H. (1935). The tendency to certainty in religious belief.
British Journal of Psychology, 26,
16-31. [This .pdf version thanks to Burke Brown, U. Toronto.]
Thurstone, L. L. (1934). The
vectors of mind. Psychological Review, 41, 1-32. [Thurstone's
extension of Spearman's work on g to a multi-factorial model of mental
abilities.]
Titchener, Edward B. (1895a). Simple reactions. Mind, 4,
74-81. [The article that began the structuralist-functionalist debate.]
Titchener, Edward B. (1895b). The type-theory of simple reaction. Mind,
4, 506-514. [Reply to
Titchener, Edward B. (1896). The 'type-theory' of simple reaction. Mind,
5, 236-241. [Titchener's reply to
Titchener, Edward B. (1898a). The postulates of a structural psychology.
Philosophical Review, 7, 449-465. [Major statement of Titchener's
structuralist school.]
Titchener, Edward B. (1898b). A
psychological laboratory. Mind, 7, 311-331. [Description of
the Cornell lab, its equipment, and its cost.]
Titchener, Edward B. (1899). Structural and functional psychology. Philosophical
Review, 8, 290-299. [Reply to
Titchener, Edward B. (1912). The schema of introspection. American
Journal of Psychology, 23, 485-508. [Major defence of Titchener's
structuralist school.]
Titchener, Edward B. (1914). On "Psychology as the behaviorist views
it". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 53,
1-17. [The chief structuralist's response to the chief behaviorist's
manifesto.]
Titchener, E. B. (1921). Brentano and Wundt: Empirical and
experimental psychology. American Journal of Psychology, 32,
108-120.
Tolman, Edward C. (1922). A
new formula for behaviorism. Psychological Review, 29, 44-53.
[Classic statement of Tolman's "cognitive" behaviorism.]
Tolman, Edward, C. (1948). Cognitive maps in rats and men. Psychological
Review, 55(4), 189-208. [Major revision of Tolman's
"cognitive" behaviorism.]
Triplett, Norman. (1898). The
dynamogenic factors in pacemaking and competition. American Journal of
Psychology, 9, 507-533. [Often called the first social psychology
experiment; social facilitation among bicycle riders.]
Washburn, Margaret Floy. (1922). Introspection
as an objective method. Psychological Review, 29, 89-112.
[Washburn's 1921 APA Presidential Address.]
Washburn, Margaret Floy. (1930). Autobiography of Margaret Floy Washburn. In
C. Murchison (Ed.), History of psychology in autobiography (Vol. 2, pp.
333-358).
Watson, John B. (1907). Studying the mind of animals. The World
Today, 12, 421-426. [A rare, early, popular statement of functionalism by
the "founder" of behaviourism.]
Watson, John B. (1913). Psychology
as the behaviorist views it. Psychological Review, 20,
158-177. [The classic manifesto of behaviorism.]
- Introduction
to Watson (1913) by Christopher D. Green
- Commentary
on Watson (1913) by Robert H. Wozniak
Watson, John B. (1916). Behavior
and the concept of mental disease. Journal of Philosophy, Psychology,
and Scientific Methods, 13, 589-597.
Watson, John B. (1920). Is thinking merely the action of language
mechanisms? British Journal of Psychology, 11, 87-104.
Watson, John B. &
Rayner, Rosalie.
(1920). Conditioned emotional reactions. Journal
of Experimental Psychology, 3, 1-14. [The famous "Little
Albert" study.]
Watson, John B. &
MacDougall,[1] William. (1929). The
battle of behaviorism: An exposition and an exposure. [A debate between
the leading behaviorist and the leading instinct theorist of the early 20th
century.]
Wertheimer, Max. (1938). Laws of organization in perceptual forms.
In W. Ellis, W (Ed. & Trans.), A source book of Gestalt psychology
(pp. 71-88).
White, B. Jack. [See M. Sherif et al.
(1954/1961).]
Witmer, Lightner. (1907). Clinical psychology. Psychological Clinic,
1, 1-9. [The source of the phrase "clinical psychology."]
Woodworth, Robert S.. (1930). Autobiography of Robert S. Woodworth. In C.
Murchison (Ed.), History of psychology in autobiography (Vol. 2, pp.
359-380).
Woodworth, Robert S. [See Thorndike & Woodworth
(1901a, 1901b, 1901c).]
Woolley, Helen Thompson. (1910). A Review of the recent literature on the
psychology of sex. Psychological Bulletin, 7, 335-342.
Woolley, Helen Thompson,. [see also Thompson, Helen
Bradford. (1903).]
Wright, Chauncey. (1870). Limits of natural selection. North American
Review (October). [Critique of Alfred Russel Wallace's "The limits of natural
selection as applied to man" (1869), by the man who was mentor to
William James and Charles Sanders Peirce.]
Wright, Chauncey. (1873). Evolution of self-consciousness. North
American Review (April). [Article requested of Wright by Charles Darwin.]
- Madden, E. H.(1963). The metaphysics of self-consciousness.
Chapter 7 of Chauncey Wright and the foundations of pragmatism (pp.
128-142). Reprinted by permission of
Wundt, Wilhelm Max. (1874/1902/1904). Principles of physiological psychology (Edward
Bradford Titchener, Trans.) (from the 5th German ed., published 1902; 1st
German ed. published 1874.)[Classic text by the founder of the first
psychological research laboratory.]
- Introduction to Wundt (1874/1902/1904)
by R. H. Wozniak.
Wundt, Wilhelm Max. (1896/1897). Outlines of psychology (Charles Hubbard Judd,
Trans.). [Classic text by the founder of the first psychological research
laboratory.]
- Introduction to Wundt (1896/1897) by
R. H. Wozniak.
Yerkes, Robert
M. & Dodson, John D. (1908). The relation
of strength of stimulus to rapidity of habit-formation. Journal of
Comparative Neurology and Psychology, 18, 459-482. [The origin of
the Yerkes-Dodson Law.]
Yerkes, Robert M. &
Morgulis, Sergius.
(1909). The method of Pawlow in animal psychology.
Psychological Bulletin, 6, 257-273. [The paper that introduced
Pavlov's work to
Yerkes, Robert M. (1930). Autobiography of Robert M. Yerkes. In C.
Murchison (Ed.), History of psychology in autobiography (Vol. 2, pp.
381-407).
Young, George Paxton. (1911). The
ethics of freedom: Notes selected, translated, and arranged by his pupil James
Gibson Hume.